In situ characterization of LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes for electrochemical energy storage

Here, LiY(WO₄)₂ nanotubes are prepared via a feasible electrospinning technique. This new anode material shows excellent electrochemical properties. The capacity loss of LiY(WO₄)₂ nanotubes is as low as 6.9% after 156 cycles, while bulk LiY(WO₄)₂ presents the capacity loss higher than 55.0%. Even after 600 long-life cycles, the capacity loss of the nanotubes is only 9%. It can be seen that the hollow structure with a rough surface and a porous morphology contributes to the improvement of electrochemical performance. Furthermore, online X-ray diffraction (XRD) method is firstly applied to understand the lithium ions insertion/extraction mechanism of LiY(WO₄)₂ nanotubes. It can be concluded that it is an asymmetrical two-phase reaction. A phase transformation from LiY(WO₄)₂ to Li₃Y(WO₄)₂ can be obviously seen from the in situ XRD during discharge process. While Li₂Y(WO₄)₂ appears as an intermediate phase with a reverse charge reaction. In addition, in situ XRD also demonstrates that LiY(WO₄)₂ nanotubes have surprised electrochemical reversibility. All the above results indicate that LiY(WO₄)₂ nanotubes can be expected to be anode candidate for rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs).     

米糠精制产品的应用

对米糠综合利用的途径进行了详细论述；并总结厂各种米糠精制产品在日用化工、医药工业、食品工业、精细化工领域的具体用途，包括米糠油的浸提技术，米糠油作为营养保健食品的开发利用，米糠油作为油脂化工原材料的深加工；米糠油精炼皂脚中提取游离脂肪酸及脂肪酸衍生物的制备；米糠脱水、脱臭、脱色的小皂化物提取谷甾醇、生育酚、谷维素的方法；米糠脱蜡副产物制备糠蜡和二十烷醇的利用及米糠饼(粕)提取植酸钙、植酸和肌醇的利用途径，最后提出了大力发展我国米糠产业的市场前景。     

磺酸盐类表面活性剂在三次采油中的应用

介绍了三次采油中应用的磺酸盐类表面活性剂的种类、性能、发展现状,总结了其复配体系的协同效应,同时指出磺酸盐类表面活性剂具有重要的实用价值和广阔的开发前景。     

用氟代烃副产氯化氢生产的氯乙烯中低沸物的定性定量研究

探索了利用气相色谱法来测定氯乙烯中氟代烃以及乙炔等低沸物的方法。该法是利用涂渍在硅胶上的β,β′-氧二丙腈组成的固定相进行分离,用FID进行检测,并用外标法进行含量的计算。该方法简单可靠、操作简便,测定速度快,适用于生产控制中的快速分析。     

Effect of nonsolvent additives on PES ultrafiltration membrane pore structure

Different nonsolvent additives, namely, diethylene glycol, n-butyl alcohol (NBA), and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, were added into the casting solution (polyethersulfone/dimethylformamide/lithium chloride) to prepare ultrafiltration (UF) membrane via phase inversion. The effects of different additives and their concentration on the pore structure of the prepared UF membrane were studied. The cross-sectional morphology of the membrane was observed via scanning electron microscopy. The addition of nonsolvent additives improved the large-cavity structure of the membrane. When the additive was low-content NBA (1–3 wt %), the membrane pore structure transformed from large-cavity structure to fully sponge-like structure. When the content of additive NBA was 3 wt %, the flux of the prepared UF membrane was 130.45 L (m⁻² h⁻¹), the rejection of PEG20000 was 95.54% and the flux remained high at 4 bar in long-term stability test. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47525.     

氧化石墨烯表面的饱和池沸腾强化传热实验

利用氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片沸腾自组装法（self-assembly）制备出GO纳米表面,以蒸馏水为液体工质,对常压下GO纳米表面和光滑铜平面的饱和池沸腾换热特性进行了对比实验研究,并用高速摄像机拍摄了汽泡的动态行为。结果表明,GO纳米表面降低了换热壁面的过热度,其临界热流密度（CHF）和换热系数（HTC）分别达到了208W/cm²和7.25W/(cm²?K),较光滑铜平面分别提高了66.4%和86.9%。分析认为,是铜基底表面沉积的润湿性优异的高导热二维GO层状结构促使了CHF提高。汽泡可视化观察发现,相比于光滑铜平面,较低热流密度时,相同热流下GO纳米表面上汽泡脱离直径较小,脱离频率较高,汽化核心增多;较高热流密度时,光滑铜平面汽泡合并现象更严重,即GO纳米表面能延缓导致CHF产生的表面蒸汽膜的出现。     

泡沫浮选耦合膜过滤回收有机废水中纳米TiO2光催化剂的工艺

本研究的目的是开发一种新型的泡沫浮选耦合超滤技术的方法,以实现从有机废液体系中经济、高效地回收纳米TiO₂光催化剂。首先,对超滤膜分离有机废液中纳米TiO₂光催化剂的使用效率,包括透过通量和截留率进行评价。随后,为了减少超滤操作进料液中纳米TiO₂光催化剂的浓度,在泡沫浮选阶段确定以阳离子表面活性剂——十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为捕获剂,研究了CTAB浓度、气体体积流速、分布器孔径对泡沫浮选回收纳米TiO₂光催化剂富集效率的影响。最后,确定泡沫浮选耦合超滤耦合回收纳米TiO₂光催化剂的工艺条件。试验结果表明,采用耦合工艺,在pH 7.0、CTAB浓度0.20g/L、气体体积流速15mL/min以及分布器孔径180μm的条件下,纳米TiO₂光催化剂富集比和回收率分别为22.52和99%,同时膜的使用寿命较非耦合操作提高了133％。     

二甲基三硫和β-环柠檬醛的颗粒活性炭吸附机理研究

以饮用水源中2种典型的嗅味物质二甲基三硫和β-环柠檬醛为研究对象,分别从吸附平衡试验和吸附动力学方面进行了颗粒活性炭(GAC)吸附试验.结果表明,GAC吸附二甲基三硫和β-环柠檬醛均同时符合伪1级反应动力学和伪2级反应动力学模型;在4种等温吸附模型中,Freundlich方程能最好地拟合吸附等温线;GAC对二甲基三硫和β-环柠檬醛的吸附容量较大,当二甲基三硫和β-环柠檬醛的初始质量浓度为500μg·L-1时,吸附容量分别达到8.680、16.04L·mg-1;pH＞10时更有利于GAC吸附二甲基三硫,而pH为2～13对β-环柠檬醛的吸附效果无显著影响.     

从混合C9芳烃中提纯连三甲苯新工艺的研究

对从190#混合C9芳烃溶剂油中提纯连三甲苯的新工艺：烷基化—减压精馏—脱烷基—减压精馏的方法进行了研究。即首先通过分步实验法对新工艺的可行性进行了论证,得出可行的依据及较佳的工艺参数,其次对脱烷基的催化剂进行了制备,并通过连续实验对催化剂的寿命及活性进行了实验验证,从而得出性能较好的催化剂。     

PVDC树脂发展现状及趋势

PVDC是一种非常优良的包装材料,被广泛用于食品、药品、化妆品的阻碍性包装领域。它同时兼顾了阻氧、阻水蒸气性能,在肉制品包装领域具有无可比拟的优势。综述了PVDC树脂国内外发展现状及趋势,阐述了PVDC树脂的特性及应用情况,并指出了PVDC树脂发展过程中所存在的问题和发展趋势。