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991.
P Conne L Gauthey P Vernet B Althaus JU Que B Finkel R Glück SJ Cryz 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,15(15):1675-1679
The safety and immunogenicity of a commercial trivalent subunit influenza vaccine and an experimental virosome-formulated influenza vaccine were evaluated among geriatric patients in a double-blind, randomized manner. The virosome vaccine was produced by incorporating hemagglutinin (HA) into the membrane of liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine. Both vaccines elicited a significant (P < 0.01) rise in the geometric mean anti-HA antibody titer to all three vaccine components 1 month after immunization. However, significantly (P < 0.005) more subjects vaccinated with the virosome preparation mounted a more than fourfold rise to the A/Singapore and A/Beijing strains compared with those who received subunit vaccine. The percentage of patients who attained protective levels (anti-HA titer > or = 40) of anti-A/Beijing antibody was also significantly (P < 0.005) higher in the virosome group. Subjects who possessed non-protective baseline antibody levels to the A/Singapore and A/Beijing strains were more likely (P < 0.005-0.030) to achieve protective levels after immunization with the virosome vaccine than with the subunit vaccine. Of particular clinical significance was the fact that 68.4% of subjects immunized with the virosome vaccine attained protective levels of antibody to all three vaccine components versus 38% for the subunit vaccine (P = 0.010). 相似文献
992.
CG Elliott SJ Hiltunen M Suchyta RD Hull GE Raskob GF Pineo RL Jensen S Yeates N Kitterman 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,154(9):999-1004
BACKGROUND: Effective heparin therapy, defined by therapeutic prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), decreases the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Achieving therapeutic prolongation of the APTT within 24 hours of the start of heparin therapy has proved difficult. We hypothesized that a protocol that delivered high initial heparin infusions to patients without identifiable risk for bleeding complications would decrease the time to achieve a therapeutic anticoagulant effect without increasing the incidence of major bleeding complications. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, we studied concurrent patient cohorts. We defined a therapeutic anticoagulant effect (APTT > 55 seconds) to be an APTT more than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal. Twenty patients with acute symptomatic deep vein thrombosis received a 5000-U heparin bolus, followed by 1680 U/h (low risk to bleed) or 1240 U/h (high risk to bleed), adjusted by protocol-directed response to APTT results. Forty-eight patients with deep vein thrombosis were treated by their physicians. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to examine the proportion of patients who achieved an APTT greater than 55 seconds as a function of time. RESULTS: The two study cohorts did not differ with respect to age, weight, or risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Analysis of Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the heparin protocol decreased the time to achieve a therapeutic anticoagulant effect (P = .025). Ten (91%) of 11 patients (95% confidence interval, 59% to 100%) without risks to bleed who were treated by the heparin protocol and 29 (60%) of 48 patients (95% confidence interval, 45% to 74%) not treated by the protocol had an initial therapeutic APTT (P = .006). CONCLUSION: A protocol that delivers higher initial heparin infusions to patients without identifiable risks for bleeding decreases the time needed to achieve therapeutic prolongation of APTT, when compared with nonprotocol physician management. 相似文献
993.
VR Kshettry TJ Kroshus MI Hertz DW Hunter SJ Shumway RM Bolman 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,63(6):1576-1583
BACKGROUND: Airway anastomosis complications continue to be a source of morbidity for lung transplant recipients. METHODS: This study analyzes incidence, treatment, and follow-up of airway anastomotic complications occurring in 127 consecutive lung transplant airway anastomoses (77 single lung and 25 bilateral sequential lung). Complications were categorized as stenosis (11), granulation tissue (8), infection (7), bronchomalacia (5), or dehiscence (3). Follow-up after treatment ranged from 6 months to 4 years. RESULTS: Nineteen airway anastomosis complications (15.0%) occurred in 18 patients. Telescoping the airway anastomosis reduced the complication rate to 12 of 97 (12.4%), compared with 7 of 30 (23.3%) for omental wrapping, (p = 0.15). Complications developed in 13 of 77 single-lung airway anastomoses (16.9%) versus 6 of 50 bilateral sequential lung recipients (12.0%). Treatment consisted of stenting (9 airway anastomoses), bronchodilation (8), laser debridement (4), rigid bronchoscopic debridement (2), operative revision (2), and growth factor application (2). There was no difference in actuarial survival between patients with or without airway anastomosis complications (p = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Airway anastomosis complications can be successfully managed in the immediate or late postoperative period with good outcome up to 4 years after intervention. 相似文献
994.
995.
PL Miller SJ Frawley FG Sayward WA Yasnoff L Duncan DW Fleming 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,30(3):211-231
IMM/Serve is a computer program which implements the clinical guidelines for childhood immunization. IMM/Serve accepts as input a child's immunization history. It then indicates which vaccinations are due and which vaccinations should be scheduled next. The clinical guidelines for immunization are quite complex and are modified quite frequently. As a result, it is important that IMM/Serve's knowledge be represented in a format that facilitates the maintenance of that knowledge as the field evolves over time. To achieve this goal, IMM/Serve uses four representations for different parts of its knowledge base: (1) Immunization forecasting parameters that specify the minimum ages and wait-intervals for each dose are stored in tabular form. (2) The clinical logic that determines which set of forecasting parameters applies for a particular patient in each vaccine series is represented using if-then rules. (3) The temporal logic that combines dates, ages, and intervals to calculate recommended dates, is expressed procedurally. (4) The screening logic that checks each previous dose for validity is performed using a decision table that combines minimum ages and wait intervals with a small amount of clinical logic. A knowledge maintenance tool, IMM/Def, has been developed to help maintain the rule-based logic. The paper describes the design of IMM/Serve and the rationale and role of the different forms of knowledge used. 相似文献
996.
Larval flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) were exposed to arsenate, boron, copper, molybdenum, selenate, selenite, uranium, vanadium, and zinc singly, and to five mixtures of five to nine inorganics. The exposures were conducted in reconstituted water representative of the San Juan River near Shiprock, New Mexico. The mixtures simulated environmental ratios reported for sites along the San Juan River (San Juan River backwater, Fruitland marsh, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek). The rank order of the individual inorganics, from most to least toxic, was: copper > zinc > vanadium > selenite > selenate > arsenate > uranium > boron > molybdenum. All five mixtures exhibited additive toxicity to flannelmouth sucker. In a limited number of tests, 44-day-old and 13-day-old larvae exhibited no difference in sensitivity to three mixtures. Copper was the major toxic component in four mixtures (San Juan backwater, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek), whereas zinc was the major toxic component in the Fruitland marsh mixture, which did not contain copper. The Hogback East Drain was the most toxic mixture tested. Comparison of 96-h LC50 values with reported environmental water concentrations from the San Juan River revealed low hazard ratios for arsenic, boron, molybdenum, selenate, selenite, uranium, and vanadium, moderate hazard ratios for zinc and the Fruitland marsh mixture, and high hazard ratios for copper at three sites and four environmental mixtures representing a San Juan backwater, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek. The high hazard ratios suggest that inorganic contaminants could adversely affect larval flannelmouth sucker in the San Juan River at four sites receiving elevated inorganics. 相似文献
997.
JI Rood PA Howarth V Haring SJ Billington WK Yong D Liu MA Palmer DR Pitman I Links DJ Stewart JA Vaughan 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,52(1-2):127-141
In a collaborative study that involved four Australian veterinary diagnostic laboratories a gene probe test based on the recombinant plasmids pJIR318, pJIR314B, and pJIR313, which contain genomic vap or vrl regions, was compared with conventional tests used for the differential diagnosis of ovine footrot. A total of 771 clinical dichelobacter nodosus isolates were tested and designated as belonging to one of several gene probe categories. The results showed that 87% of the virulent isolates belonged to gene probe category 1, compared to only 6% of the benign isolates. It was concluded that there was good correlation between the gene probe test and the virulence designation of these isolates as well as the results of elastase, gelatin-gel and protease isoenzyme tests. Furthermore, the gene probe test was converted to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test. It is suggested that diagnostic laboratories consider carrying out both this PCR test and tests based on the extracellular proteases of D. nodosus. 相似文献
998.
SJ Karlsen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,116(24):2875-2878
The aim of the study was to investigate treatment strategies for urolithiasis as they are practised in Norway today. A questionnaire was sent to the somatic hospitals in Norway. All surgical treatment of urolithiasis was to be registered over a three month period, from 1 September to 30 November 1992. 78% of the hospitals responded, and 505 patients were included in the survey. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and uretero-renoscopy are well established treatment modalities in all parts of the country. The treatment practice follows the accepted international guidelines and treated at the larger treatment centres. 相似文献
999.
1000.
DE Hallahan EE Vokes SJ Rubin S O''Brien B Samuels S Vijaykumar DW Kufe R Phillips RR Weichselbaum 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,1(3):204-209
Long-term exposure to indoor radon may lead to an increased lifetime risk of lung cancer. Because millions of U.S. residential homes may have elevated radon levels, indoor radon exposure may pose a substantial public health threat. In Anne Arundel County (Maryland), a county-wide residential radon survey indicated that 82% of all residential radon readings in the survey were below Environmental Protection Agency remediation guidelines. Of the elevated indoor measurements, however, 94.4% were distributed in the southern portion of the county. These results are consistent with data compiled by the EPA and the U.S. Geologic Survey. Continued residential radon testing should be encouraged, especially in areas with elevated readings. 相似文献