Maternal and neonatal outcomes after prolonged latent phase

Glycol ethers such as 2-ethoxyethanol (EE) are widely used as solvents because they are miscible in aqueous and organic solutions. Toxic effects of EE in rodents include teratogenicity, fetotoxicity, hematotoxicity, and testicular atrophy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dose on the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of 2-ethoxy [U-14C]ethanol by F344/N rats after inhalation exposure. Rats were exposed to either 5 ppm EE for 5 hr 40 min or 46 ppm EE for 6 hr. The uptake and metabolism of EE were linear in the concentration range studied. Significant percentages of the retained doses were exhaled during (22%) and after exposure (16%) as 14CO2. Forty-six percent of the retained dose was excreted in the urine. Approximately 10% of the retained dose was detected in the carcass 66 hr after exposure. The major urinary metabolite was ethoxyacetic acid (EAA), the toxic metabolite of EE. The amount of EAA excreted was linearly related to exposure concentration. Ethylene glycol and N-ethoxyacetyl glycinate were identified as minor metabolites excreted in the urine. The results of this study suggest that the toxicity of inhaled EE should be directly proportional to the exposure concentration up to 46 ppm if the toxicity of EE is due to EAA.     

Prevention of bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass with high-dose tranexamic acid. Double-blind, randomized clinical trial

This prospective, double-blind, randomized trial assessed the effectiveness of high-dose tranexamic acid given in the preoperative period on blood loss in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. One hundred fifty patients scheduled to undergo cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass were randomized into three groups of equal size. The first group received 10 gm of tranexamic acid intravenously over 20 minutes before sternotomy and a placebo infusion over 5 hours. The second group received 10 gm of tranexamic acid over 20 minutes and then another 10 gm infused intravenously over 5 hours. The control group received a placebo bolus and a placebo infusion over 5 hours (0.9% normal saline solution). The blood loss after the operation was measured at 6 hours and 24 hours. The homologous blood and blood products given during and up to 48 hours after operation were recorded. Eighteen percent of the control group patients shed more than 750 ml blood in 6 hours compared with only 2% in both tranexamic acid groups. Patients who shed more than 750 ml blood required 93% more red blood cell transfusions than patients without excessive bleeding. Tranexamic acid (10 gm) given intravenously in the period before cardiopulmonary bypass reduced blood loss over 6 hours by 50% and over 24 hours by 35%. Continued tranexamic acid infusion (10 gm over 5 hours) did not reduce bleeding further. There was no difference in the coagulation profile before operation between patients with and without excessive bleeding. However, coagulation tests done in the postoperative period indicated ongoing fibrinolysis and platelet dysfunction in patients with excessive bleeding.     

论网络升级方式与光纤选择的关系

在重点说明影响传输光纤设计的主要问题的同时，简要介绍了各种升级方式所面临的主要技术挑战，并详细说明这些挑战对传输光纤提出的技术要求。     

Lingual ischemia following tongue entrapment in a glass bottle

A 10-year-old, previously healthy female presented to the emergency department via emergency medical service transport, with her tongue tightly entrapped inside a glass bottle (9 oz, Yoohoo brand of chocolate drink). The tongue was massively edematous and ecchymotic due to impaired venous return from constriction by the neck of the bottle. After repeated attempts at mechanically reducing the tongue out of the bottle, a professional glazier was contacted, who was able to remove the bottle in the operating room with a steel glass cutter. Needle evacuation of a small hematoma was then performed to decrease the pressure ischemia to the tongue, which began to improve quickly.     

Child custody mediation and litigation: Parents' satisfaction and functioning one year after settlement.

A 1-yr follow-up study was conducted on families randomly assigned to settle custody disputes either in mediation or through adversary procedures. Consistent with Time 1 reports, at Time 2 fathers who mediated were substantially more satisfied than were fathers who litigated. Fathers who mediated also complied more with child support orders. Contrary to prediction, the greater satisfaction and compliance of fathers did not lead to increased satisfaction among mothers who mediated. In contrast to Time 1, at follow-up mothers who mediated were significantly less satisfied than were mothers who litigated, but selective attrition may account for these differences. The psychological adjustment of mothers and fathers was not significantly different between settlement groups at Time 2, but mothers in both groups reported less satisfaction with dispute settlement and less dysphoria at Time 2 than they had reported at Time 1. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)