Induction of superoxide dismutase isozymes by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide in cultured normal and hyperplastic gingival fibroblasts

We studied 722 reexcision scars of benign and malignant lesions (except melanocytic lesions) excised over a 24-month period. The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The histological features of melanocytic hyperplasia were present in 59 cases (8%), 56 from the sun-exposed skin of the face and neck and three from the trunk [p < 0.00001]. The most common sites were the nose and lower eyelids, but the forehead was also frequently involved. Of the 59 patients, 41 were women (p < 0.0001). Basal cell carcinoma was the most frequent original lesion in both sexes (80%). No melanocytic hyperplasia was found in 663 cases (298 on the trunk and extremities and 365 on the head and neck). We have seen this reaction pattern following reexcision of melanocytic lesions as well. Thus, interpreting reexcision margins when lentigo maligna or similar lesions are reexcised may be fraught with difficulty. It is important for pathologists and dermatopathologists to recognize this phenomenon because histologically the presence of increased numbers of large melanocytes could be misinterpreted as melanoma in situ.     

Protein-energy malnutrition and oxidative injury in growing rats

1. Weaning rats were fed ad libitum isocaloric diets containing 5% and 20% casein based proteins. 5% protein diet was protein deficient diet. Pair fed rats with the 5% protein group were maintained simultaneously on 20% protein diet but the amount restricted to the amount taken up by PEM group. 2. Glutathione, antioxidative enzymes, lipid peroxidation and histopathological studies in liver and only glutathione and antioxidative enzymes in blood were carried out. 3. Rats fed the 5% protein diet developed a severe protein energy malnutrition (PEM) whereas those on pair-fed diet developed mild to moderate PEM. 4. Glutathione related thiols superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione-Stransferase with (1 Chloro 2,4-dinitro benzene (CDNB) substrate) were decreased in liver with concomitant increase of lipid peroxidation in severe PEM. In blood glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were decreased while superoxide dismutase was increased in severe PEM group. 5. Mild to moderate PEM (pair-fed group) also resulted in similar changes in liver except glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation in liver and superoxide dismutase in blood. 6. Hepatic injury was detectable only in the severe PEM group. 7. Oxidative-stress and hepatic injury occurred in severe PEM and to a lesser degree in mild to moderate PEM.     

Effect of immunosuppression and splenectomy in transplantation sarcomas in mice

After spontaneous regression of transplanted tumours, marked reduction in number of tumours was found when challenged with isogenic tumour cells. The ALS abrogates this effect. Tumour removal by surgical excision of limb and subsequent time scheduled challenge by tumour cells maximally suppress on the 10th day and continues up to the 42nd day the tumorogenic effect. Splenectomy has no effect if done before a day or 3 days after challenge but marked decrease in tumour development was seen when challenged on the 8th day after splenectomy. Amputation and splenectomy together potentiates tumour formation. Only in tumour extrication, does resistance develop up to the 42nd day from surgery. Challenging at a different site in mice with tumours, resulted in prolongation of the intervals of tumour formation. Challenge after surgical removal of tumour after a time lapse, results in marked reduction in number and size of tumours. Surgical tumour extrication after splenectomy and subsequent challenge on 11th day inhibited tumour formation. Whereas splenectomized tumour bearing mice when challenged at a heterosite did not develop resistance.     

Compatibility and activity of aldesleukin (recombinant interleukin-2) in presence of selected drugs during simulated Y-site administration: evaluation of three methods

The compatibility and biological activity of aldesleukin (a form of recombinant interleukin-2) in the presence of selected i.v. drugs during simulated Y-site administration was studied. Five milliliters of aldesleukin 33,800 IU/mL in 5% dextrose injection was mixed in glass test tubes with 5 mL of each of 19 i.v. drugs prepared at concentrations used in routine clinical practice. The compatibility of the combinations was assessed by visual examination and spectrophotometry at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 hours after preparation, and bioassays were conducted to determine the activity of aldesleukin in the combinations. Lorazepam was the only drug visually incompatible with aldesleukin. All the secondary drugs were spectrophotometrically compatible with aldesleukin. However, the bioassays showed that the following drugs reduced the activity of aldesleukin: ganciclovir sodium, lorazepam, pentamidine isethionate, prochlorperazine edisylate, and promethazine hydrochloride. Thus, aldesleukin became less biologically active when combined with four drugs for which visual examination suggested compatibility and when combined with five drugs for which spectrophotometry indicated compatibility. Aldesleukin 33,800 IU/mL in 5% dextrose injection lost significant biological activity in the presence of prochlorperazine edisylate, promethazine hydrochloride, lorazepam, ganciclovir sodium, and pentamidine isethionate during simulated Y-site administration. Visual assessment and spectrophotometry may not be valid methods for assessing possible changes in the biological activity of aldesleukin when combined with other agents.     

Spatial memory deficits following stimulation of hippocampal 5-HT1B receptors in the rat

The authors review the principles of reconstructive surgery for lower limb salvage after severe lower limb trauma to determine factors that have been used as decision-making criteria for limb salvage or amputation in severe lower extremity injuries and the methods of reconstruction and their outcome. The use of scoring systems and their value in acute decision making (primary amputation or limb salvage) are described. Soft-tissue reconstructive techniques, with emphasis on the use of flaps and the importance of selecting the best technique and time for the reconstruction are reviewed. Skeletal reconstructive techniques are described, including available options and currently held views on indications and use of the best contemporary methods. It is essential for the physician to make a good initial decision on the need for primary amputation or limb salvage. A multidisciplinary approach is fundamental to successful salvage.     

Test Generation for Crosstalk-Induced Faults: Framework and Computational Results

Due to technology scaling and increasing clock frequency, problems due to noise effects lead to an increase in design/debugging efforts and a decrease in circuit performance. This paper addresses the problem of efficiently and accurately generating two-vector tests for crosstalk induced effects, such as pulses, signal speedup and slowdown, in digital combinational circuits. These noise effects can propagate through a circuit and create a logic error in a latch or at a primary output. We have developed a mixed-signal test generator, called XGEN, that incorporates classical static values as well as dynamic signals such as transitions and pulses, and timing information such as signal arrival times, rise/fall times, and gate delay. In this paper we first discuss the general framework of the test generation algorithm followed by computational results. Comparison of results with SPICE simulations confirms the accuracy of this approach.     

On development of a finite dynamic element and solution of associated eigenproblem by a block Lanczos procedure

The paper first presents the details of the development of a new six-noded plane triangular finite dynamic element. A block Lanczos algorithm is developed next for the accurate and efficient solution of the quadratic matrix eigenvalue problem associated with the finite dynamic element formulation. The resulting computer program fully exploits matrix sparsity inherent in such a discretization and proves to be most efficient for the extraction of the usually required first few roots and vectors, including repeated ones. Most importantly, the present eigenproblem solution effort is shown to be comparable to that of the corresponding finite element analysis, thereby rendering the associated dynamic element method rather attractive owing to superior convergence characteristics of such elements, presented herein.     

A meta-analytic review of the relationship between absence and turnover.

A meta-analysis that combined 33 correlations from 17 studies found a corrected average correlation of .330 between absence and turnover. The type of absence measure did not moderate the covariation between absence and turnover, but industry type and study duration did act as moderators. The results are discussed in the context of the "withdrawal" approach to understanding employee behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)