Technique of pulse electrochemical finishing in molds and dies

Surface finishing is one of the most important processes in mould and die making. This process is necessary not only for smoothing the surface of die or mould, but also for removing the surface layer, which has been damaged by the preceding machining process and finally improve the performances and lifetime of moulds to a large extent. It has been reported that between 30% and 40% of the total time required to manufacture a die or mold is spent on finishing operations, most of which are performed by skilled workers employing traditional techniques. At present, key problems in mould and die finishing technology can improve the finishing efficiency, consistency and quality at reduced costs. A new and high efficiency unconventional finishing technology, pulse electrochemical finishing was introduced. Experiments were done in neutral nitrate electrolytes. The influence of electrolyte composition, intereletrode gap, finishing time, flow quality, current density, compositions of steel materials and pulse parameters on the resulting surface finishing was investigated. Results indicate that pulse parameters have important influence on operations finishing and the proper selection of pulse parameters can lead to both good smoothing efficiency and surface quality at low costs.     

Phase transformation behavior in Al-Zn-Cu alloys by hammering

The 5Cu40Zn55Al and 15Cu20Zn65Al alloys were prepared in the AI-Zn-Cu system, There exist the metastable phases ε and θ in the two alloys after homogenization treatment and furnace cooling, respectively. It is shown that the particles are refined from 3 mm to less than 10 μm after hammering the two alloys but there are still metastable phases. This means that the phase constituents of the two alloys have no changes by the deformation, which is different from that by balling. The phase constituents are not changed at room temperature by hammering, which is dependent on the deformation mechanism of hammering.     

强磁场对Bi-Mn合金半固态凝固过程中MnBi析出相组织的影响

在Bi-6%Mn合金从高于355℃(升温过程中MnBi化合物磁性转变温度)的固液两相区凝固过程中,研究了MnBi析出相组织在无磁场和强磁场条件下的演化过程.结果表明:在无磁场条件下MnBi析出相形态在340℃(MnBi相顺磁-铁磁转变温度)附近发生突变,由较规则的六方块状变为沿ab面长大的不规则片状;10 T磁场条件下析出相形态突变的温度提高到355℃左右.另外,10 T磁场能够控制析出相晶粒以c轴平行磁场取向、定向聚合和熔合长大,使析出相的最终形态又趋向较规则的六方块状.     

并联机器人安全保护系统的研究

以6-UHU并联机器人为研究模型,提出了一种新的并联机器人的工作空间姿态描述方法.提出一种"虚拟限位"的保护策略:将并联机器人的安全问题看作是受限变量的限位问题,通过计算受限变量对杆长向量的偏导预测将要发生的干涉,根据导数智能的决策采取的限位、规划操作.从关节空间对并联机器人的约束直接进行检验,避免传统上查询整个工作空间带来的运算量大等问题,大大减少了运算量.最后阐述了安全保护系统结构.设计了整个并联机器人安全保护实时多任务系统,在实际并联机器人中得到了应用.     

显微组织对Ti-6Al-4V ELI合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

研究了Ti-6Al-4V ELI合金板材的显微组织对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。用金相显微镜对不同热处理制度下该合金α和β转变组织的变化进行了观察分析。采用MTS-810低周疲劳试验机测试合金的裂纹扩展速率。通过Origin 6.0软件对数据进行处理并绘制裂纹扩展速率（△a／△N）与应力强度因子幅△K的关系曲线。结果表明：在Pairs区范围内，疲劳裂纹扩展速率对双态组织中初生α相含量的多少不敏感，而在近门槛区和快速扩展区，裂纹扩展速率对组织比较敏感；在本实验研究的条件下，细针编织状魏氏组织的da／dN〈平直状片层组织的da／dN〈双态组织的da／dN。     

Crystal structure and switchable optical properties of yttrium hydride films covered by palladium layer

1　INTRODUCTIONTherare earthhydridefilmswithswitchableop ticalpropertieswerefirstlydiscoveredbyHuibertsetal[13] andhaveattractedmoreandmoreinterestre cently .Huibertsetal[1,2 ] foundthatthefilmsofYHxandLaHx exhibitremarkablereversiblechangesintheiropticalpropertiesduringhydrogenation/dehy drogenationprocess .Bychangingthehydrogen gaspressureorbyelectrochemicalmeans,thefilmscanbecontinuouslyandreversiblyswitchedfromashinymirrortoatransparentwindowinafractionofasec ond[3,4 ] .Thesubsequen…     

稀土在汽车尾气净化催化剂中的应用现状

详细叙述了用稀土部分替代汽车尾气净化催化剂中铂、铑等贵金属的研究和应用情况。主要包括：①稀土在汽车尾气净化催化剂中应用优势；②稀土催化剂净化汽车尾气中几种主要有害气体的作用机理；③我国从事尾气净化稀土催化剂研究、开发的主要单位和他们各自的研究重点及取得的成果；④稀土三元催化剂的组成、特点及富氧条件下分解NO2的作用机理；⑤纳米稀土催化剂的开发与展望，指出：当纳米稀土催化剂研制成功，可望实现不使用贵金属达到与贵金属催化剂同样的净化效果；⑥稀土催化剂的应用前景。预料，在我国随着汽车保有量的迅速增加，尾气净化催化剂将成为稀土消费的主要领域之一。     

PSZ／Mo功能梯度材料的有限元设计

利用有限元分析的方法，依据拉应力和比应力最小原则对PSZ／Mo功能梯度材料进行了优化设计，确定了FGM的最佳形状分布因子、层数和每一层的厚度。并对最优成分分布FGM在稳态隔热状态下所产生的温度场和热应力进行了计算，得出进行PSZ／Mo功能梯度材料优化设计所需考虑的主要因素。     

Effects of deformation on microstructures and properties of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr alloy

Warm extrusion of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr from 100 ℃ to 600 ℃ was investigated. The effects of different extrusion ratios and different extrusion temperatures on microstructures and properties of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr were studied. The microstructures of the extruded Cu-5%Cr were characterized by backscattered electron irnages（BSE） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The mechanical properties of the extruded Cu-5%Cr were measured by means of microhardness and tension test. The results show that, the deformation, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of the extruded Cu-5%Cr are mainly produced in Cu matrix. The higher extrusion ratio leads to more uniform microstructure and finer Cu grains. When being extruded in the range of 100-600 ℃, dynamic recovery of Cu is the dominant process, and dynamic recrystallization of Cu occurred above 300 ℃ is far from end. The most part of microstructure of as-extruded Cu-5%Cr is subcrystaUines produced by dynamic recovery, only a few recrystallines exist, and the average size of these grains is not larger than 400 nm. With extrusion temperature rising, the tensile strength and microhardness of Cu-5%Cr decrease, and elongation increases gradually.