Prosocial rule breaking on health information security at healthcare organisations in South Korea

Regulations, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), establish standards to protect patients' medical records from security breaches. Insiders' prosocial misbehaviour within healthcare organisations can cause significant damage to relevant stakeholders. Such behaviour without malicious intention needs to be better understood and carefully managed from the perspective of prosocial behaviour. For this study, a research model was developed that includes the factors influencing student nurses' intention to disclose patient health information. The model was empirically tested with nursing students in South Korea with a scenario-based experiment. We find that both altruistic (impact on others) and egoistic (impact on the self) motivations are significantly important in raising situational empathy. On the other hand, an egoistic motivation (impact on the self) significantly affects people's perception of their responsibility, which mediates the relationship between situational empathy and prosocial intention to disclose. The implications of our findings are discussed.     

Brain mass estimation by head circumference and body mass methods in neonatal glycaemic modelling and control

Introduction

Hyperglycaemia is a common complication of stress and prematurity in extremely low-birth-weight infants. Model-based insulin therapy protocols have the ability to safely improve glycaemic control for this group. Estimating non-insulin-mediated brain glucose uptake by the central nervous system in these models is typically done using population-based body weight models, which may not be ideal.

Method

A head circumference-based model that separately treats small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants is compared to a body weight model in a retrospective analysis of 48 patients with a median birth weight of 750 g and median gestational age of 25 weeks. Estimated brain mass, model-based insulin sensitivity (S_I) profiles, and projected glycaemic control outcomes are investigated. SGA infants (5) are also analyzed as a separate cohort.

Results

Across the entire cohort, estimated brain mass deviated by a median 10% between models, with a per-patient median difference in S_I of 3.5%. For the SGA group, brain mass deviation was 42%, and per-patient S_I deviation 13.7%. In virtual trials, 87–93% of recommended insulin rates were equal or slightly reduced (Δ < 0.16 mU/h) under the head circumference method, while glycaemic control outcomes showed little change.

Conclusion

The results suggest that body weight methods are not as accurate as head circumference methods. Head circumference-based estimates may offer improved modelling accuracy and a small reduction in insulin administration, particularly for SGA infants.     

A two-layer architecture for economically optimal process control and operation

A two-layer architecture for dynamic real-time optimization (or nonlinear modelpredictive control (NMPC) with an economic objective) is presented, where the solution of the dynamic optimization problem is computed on two time-scales. On the upper layer, a rigorous optimization problem is solved with an economic objective function at a slow time-scale, which captures slow trends in process uncertainties. On the lower layer, a fast neighboring-extremal controller is tracking the trajectory in order to deal with fast disturbances acting on the process. Compared to a single-layer architecture, the two-layer architecture is able to address control systems with complex models leading to high computational load, since the rigorous optimization problem can be solved at a slower rate than the process sampling time. Furthermore, solving a new rigorous optimization problem is not necessary at each sampling time if the process has rather slow dynamics compared to the disturbance dynamics. The two-layer control strategy is illustrated with a simulated case study of an industrial polymerization process.     

Ongoing verification of a multiphysics community code: FLASH

When developing a complex, multi‐authored code, daily testing on multiple platforms and under a variety of conditions is essential. It is therefore necessary to have a regression test suite that is easily administered and configured, as well as a way to easily view and interpret the test suite results. We describe the methodology for verification of FLASH, a highly capable multiphysics scientific application code with a wide user base. The methodology uses a combination of unit and regression tests and an in‐house testing software that is optimized for operation under limited resources. Although our practical implementations do not always comply with theoretical regression‐testing research, our methodology provides a comprehensive verification of a large scientific code under resource constraints.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Building brains for bodies

We describe a project to capitalize on newly available levels of computational resources in order to understand human cognition. We are building an integrated physical system including vision, sound input and output, and dextrous manipulation, all controlled by a continuously operating large scale parallel MIMD computer. The resulting system will learn to think by building on its bodily experiences to accomplish progressively more abstract tasks. Past experience suggests that in attempting to build such an integrated system we will have to fundamentally change the way artificial intelligence, cognitive science, linguistics, and philosophy think about the organization of intelligence. We expect to be able to better reconcile the theories that will be developed with current work in neuroscience.     

A Study of Structure, Electric and Magnetic Properties of the New Layered Cobalt Oxides Sr2Y1-x Ca x Co2O7-z

The crystal structure of Sr ₂ Y _0.8 Ca _0.2 Co ₂ O ₆ is orthorhombic below 270 K (Immm, a = 3.84029(7) Å, b = 3.80691(6) Å and c = 19.4980(3) Å at 20 K), transformed from tetragonal (I4/mmm, a = 3.82765(6) Å and c = 19.5795(3) Å) at 295 K. The crystal structure distortion is accompanied by an anomalous temperature dependence of the degree of buckling of the CoO ₂ plane and is correlated with the development of anisotropic antiferromagnetic ordering of magnetic moments (2.93(2) _B per Co at 20 K). A magnetically glassy state below about 35 K and variable range hopping conduction below about 64 K for were found by magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements.     

From Sultaniyeh to Tashkent Scrolls: Euclidean Constructions of Two Nine- and Twelve-Pointed Interlocking Star Polygon Designs

In this paper we will explore two nine- and twelvepointed Islamic star polygon patterns consisting of ??nearly regular?? nine-pointed, regular twelve-pointed and irregularly-shaped pentagonal star polygons. The two designs are similar in that they may both be classified mathematically as being p6m patterns with the major star polygons placed in identical locations within each layout; however, the structure of the major stars is quite different. Both of the patterns considered here are of Persian origin. The first design may be found as a repeat unit sketch of the Tashkent Scrolls, and exists as a Timurid-style stone inlay and mosaic tiling in India. The second pattern may be found as Plate 120 of Bourgoin??s Arabic Geometrical Pattern and Design and exists as a stucco/plasterwork ceiling in the Mausoleum of Sultan Oljaytu in Sultaniyeh, Iran, as well as numerous other locations across the Islamic world. Both patterns may be recreated via plausible Euclidean ??point-joining?? constructions (that is, using only the methods available to medieval artisans) in an attempt to ascertain how the original designers of these patterns may have determined the proportion and placement of the stars.     

Segmentation and range sensing using a moving-aperture lens

The use of a novel motorized lens to perform segmentation of image sequences is presented in this paper. The lens has the effect of introducing small, repeating movements of the camera center so that objects appear to translate in the image by an amount that depends on the distance from the plane of focus. For a stationary scene, optical flow magnitudes are therefore directly related to three-dimensional object distance from the observer. We describe a segmentation procedure that exploits these controlled observer movements and present experimental results that demonstrate the successful extraction of objects at different depths. Potential applications of our approach include image compositing, teleconferencing, and range estimation.Received: 4 July 2002, Accepted: 16 December 2002, Published online: 23 July 2003 Correspondence to: Amy E. Bell     

The hysteresis loops of magnetic ferrites and the processes involved in their formation

It is shown that a specimen's microstructure affects the form of its magnetization curves but notM _s, the saturation magnetic moment per cm³ norH _s, the applied field strength required for saturation. A procedure is then given for the precise determination ofM _s andH _s using data derived from the hysteresis loops of polycrystalline isotropic specimens. The procedure is simple to use and avoids the laborious extrapolation requirements of the “law of approach”. Finally, the magnetization processes involved in forming the hysteresis loops betweenH _s and —H _s are described.