Two new Protecting Groups for the Guanidino Function of arginine

Two new synthons, Fmoc-L-Arg(biphenyl-4-sulphonyl)-OH ( 8 ) and Fmoc-Arg(4-methoxy-3-t-butylbenzenesulphonyl)-OH ( 14 ), are prepared for the synthesis of arginine-containing peptides. These groups are cleaved by commonly employed trifluoroacetic acid and methanesulphonic acid. Kinetic studies reveal that extended bicyclic aromatic conjugation, as in biphenyl, slightly improves the acid lability compared to the electron-donating t-butyl group.     

Specific Heat of Olive Oil to 356 MPa

We measured the velocity of sound in olive oil under pressure with the Brillouin light scattering technique. Using the values for the density and the thermal conductivity that have only recently been reported, we calculated the adiabatic compressibility and the isobaric specific heat up to 356 MPa and the thermal diffusivity up to 200 MPa. The specific heat displays a maximum at 124 MPa, suggesting a possible phase transition around this pressure. Apart from the theoretical and practical importance of these results for the food industry and beyond, this work shows that Brillouin light scattering and macroscopic methods are complementary and can be employed to measure thermophysical parameters of food liquids under pressure.     

Mechanism of boron tribromide electroreduction

This study was carried out to investigate the electrochemical behavior of boron tribromide in dimethlyformamide. The reduction of the compound was found to follow a CE mechanism. The kinetic parameters and the diffusion coefficient were calculated by the use of ultramicrodisc electrodes and chronoamperometry. The number of electrons transferred was found to be 2 by rotating disc and ultramicro disc electrodes and 3 by coulometry. These results are in good accordance with those obtained from molten boron salts. This study is important in regard to electrochemical boronizing at low temperatures.     

Current status of kinematically complete studies of basic fragmentation processes in atomic systems

Recent developments on kinematically complete experiments on basic atomic fragmentation processes are reviewed. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental fully differential cross sections for single ionization of light atoms by charged particle impact are analyzed. Furthermore, a method developed very recently, four-particle Dalitz plots, is discussed in context of double ionization. The extraordinary power of these plots is their capability to provide a comprehensive picture of the momentum exchange between all four final-state particles in a single spectrum.     

pH Responsive Abelmoschus esculentus Mucilage and Administration of Methotrexate: In-Vitro Antitumor and In-Vivo Toxicity Evaluation

The rapid progression in biomaterial nanotechnology apprehends the potential of non-toxic and potent polysaccharide delivery modules to overcome oral chemotherapeutic challenges. The present study is aimed to design, fabricate and characterize polysaccharide nanoparticles for methotrexate (MTX) delivery. The nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by Abelmoschus esculentus mucilage (AEM) and chitosan (CS) by the modified coacervation method, followed by ultra-sonification. The NPs showed much better pharmaceutical properties with a spherical shape and smooth surface of 213.4–254.2 nm with PDI ranging between 0.279–0.485 size with entrapment efficiency varying from 42.08 ± 1.2 to 72.23 ± 2.0. The results revealed NPs to possess positive zeta potential and a low polydispersity index (PDI). The in-vitro drug release showed a sustained release of the drug up to 32 h with pH-dependence. Blank AEM -CS NPs showed no in-vivo toxicity for a time duration of 14 days, accompanied by high cytotoxic effects of optimized MTX loaded NPs against MCF-7 and MD-MBA231 cells by MTT assay. In conclusion, the findings advocated the therapeutic potential of AEM/CS NPs as an efficacious tool, offering a new perspective for pH-responsive routing of anticancer drugs with tumor cells as a target.     

Physicochemical,mineralogy,and thermo-kinetic characterisation of newly discovered Nigerian coals under pyrolysis and combustion conditions

In this study,the physicochemical,microstructural,mineralogical,thermal,and kinetic properties of three newly discovered coals from Akunza (AKZ),Ome (OME),and S...     

Incremental gravitational search algorithm for high-dimensional benchmark functions

Neural Computing and Applications - In this study, gravitational search algorithm (GSA), which is a powerful optimization algorithm developed in recent years and based on physics, is improved by...     

Friction factor correlation and pressure loss of single-phase flow inside herringbone microfin tubes

Pressure drop of single-phase turbulent flow inside herringbone microfin tubes of different fin dimensions has been measured experimentally to develop a general correlation of single-phase friction factor for the herringbone tubes. Water has been used as a working fluid and the mass flow rate has been varied from 0.03 to 0.2 kg/s, where the Reynolds number range is 10⁴ to 6.5 × 10⁴. Comparison of experimental data of the herringbone microfin tubes with those of helical microfin and smooth tubes shows that pressure drop of the herringbone tube is significantly higher than the helical and smooth tubes depending on the fin geometric parameters and mass velocity of the working fluid. Through semi-analytical approach and using the present experimental data, a new correlation of single-phase friction factor for the herringbone microfin tubes has been proposed incorporating the effects of fin geometric parameters. The proposed correlation can predict the experimental data within ±10%.     

Electromagnetic scattering from nonlinear anisotropic cylinders. I.Fundamental frequency

The solution of the problem of electromagnetic scattering of obliquely incident plane waves by homogeneous, nonlinear anisotropic cylindrical structures is obtained. The medium of the scatterer is characterized by Volterra-type integrals for the electric and magnetic flux density vectors D and B, respectively. The nonlinear problem is solved using the perturbation method. The effects of nonlinearities on the field properties both inside and outside the scatterer, together with the effect on the radar cross section, are investigated for the fundamental frequency components. To demonstrate the validity of the approach, the results obtained by the perturbation method are compared with those obtained using the plane wave representation method of D. Censor (1983), where the iteration method is used to solve the resulting dispersion equation. The results are in very good agreement in both amplitude and phase of the fields for the case of very weak nonlinearity. When the relative magnitude of the nonlinear component of the permittivity is increased, the iteration method shows a faster divergence of the phase from the linear phase