低密度奇偶校验码及其应用研究

阐述了低密度奇偶校验码的发展、定义、编译码方法。通过对LDPC码和Turbo码的比较和分析,得出LDPC码的整体性能要优于Turbo码。文中还讨论了LDPC码的应用,主要是在STC-OFDM系统中的应用。最后,对低密度奇偶校验码的未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Compact Harmonic Filter Design and Fabrication Using IPD Technology

An integrated passive device (IPD) technology has been developed to meet the ever increasing needs of size and cost reduction in radio front-end transceiver module applications. Electromagnetic (EM) simulation was used extensively in the design of the process technology and the optimization of inductor and harmonic filter designs and layouts. Parameters such as inductor shape, inner diameter, metal thickness, metal width, and substrate thickness have been optimized to provide inductors with high quality factors. The technology includes 1) a thick plated gold metal process to reduce resistive loss; 2) MIM capacitors using PECVD SiN dielectric layer; 3) airbridges for inductor underpass and capacitor pick-up; and 4) a 10 mil finished GaAs substrate to improve inductor quality factor. Both lumped element circuit simulations and electromagnetic (EM) simulations have been used in the harmonic filter circuit designs for high accuracy and fast design cycle time. This paper will present the EM simulation calibration and demonstrate the importance of using EM simulation in the filter design in order to achieve first-time success in wafer fabrication. The fabricated IPD devices have insertion loss of 0.5 dB and harmonic rejections of 30dB with die size of 1.42 mm for high band (1710 MHz-1910 MHz) and 1.89 mm for low band (824-915 MHz) harmonic filters.     

An ARMA-type section model for average ten-day streamflow synthesis

Most of the rivers in Taiwan are short and run on a steep slope due to the island's topography. Because of the weak correlations of streamflow in time and the occurrence of extreme events such as typhoons, classical autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) models have difficulties in forecasting and synthesizing the average 10-day streamflow in Taiwan. In this study, the synthesis of the average 10-day streamflow of the Tanshui River in Taiwan is accomplished by a section model. The model divides the year-round streamflow records into several sections according to their distinguishable patterns, and each section is modeled by a separate ARMA model. For parameter control, a heuristic grouping procedure, based on statistical inference of the random noise part, is used to separate a year into a minimum number of sections. The section separation procedure follows the general precipitation pattern in a year. The case study results indicate high statistical agreement between synthesized series and historical records. Additionally, a new procedure, extended autocorrelation function (EACF), is introduced and applied in this study to assist in model identification.     

Defect Engineering in Ambipolar Layered Materials for Mode-Regulable Nociceptor

Defect engineering represents a significant approach for atomically thick 2D semiconductor material development to explore the unique material properties and functions. Doping-induced conversion of conductive polarity is particularly beneficial for optimizing the integration of layered electronics. Here, controllable doping behavior in palladium diselenide (PdSe₂) transistor is demonstrated by manipulating its adatom-vacancy groups. The underlying mechanisms, which originate from reversible adsorption/desorption of oxygen clusters near selenide vacancy defects, are investigated systematically via their dynamic charge transfer characteristics and scanning tunneling microscope analysis. The modulated doping effect allows the PdSe₂ transistor to emulate the essential characteristics of photo nociceptor on a device level, including firing signal threshold and sensitization. Interestingly, electrostatic gating, acting as a neuromodulator, can regulate the adaptive modes in nociceptor to improve its adaptability and perceptibility to handle different danger levels. An integrated artificial nociceptor array is also designed to execute unique image processing functions, which suggests a new perspective for extension of the promise of defect engineered 2D electronics in simplified sensory systems toward use in advanced humanoid robots and artificial visual sensors.     

Noise reduction of VQ encoded images through anti-gray coding

Noise reduction of VQ encoded images is achieved through the proposed anti-gray coding (AGC) and noise detection and correction scheme. In AGC, binary indices are assigned to the codevector in such a way that the 1-b neighbors of a code vector are as far apart as possible. To detect the channel errors, we first classify an image into uniform and edge regions. Then we propose a mask to detect the channel errors based on the image classification (uniform or edge region) and the characteristics of AGC. We also mathematically derive a criterion for error detection based on the image classification. Once error indices are detected, the recovered indices can be easily chosen from a “candidate set” by minimizing the gray-level transition across the block boundaries in a VQ encoded image. Simulation results show that the proposed technique provides detection results with smaller than 0.1% probability of error and more than 86.3% probability of detection at a random bit error rate of 0.1%, while the undetected errors are invisible. In addition, the proposed detection and correction techniques improve the image quality (compared with that encoded by AGC) by 3.9 dB     

Efficient and fast iterative reweighted least-squares nonrecursivefilters

An efficient and fast technique for designing L_p approximation filters using the iterative reweighted least-squares (IRLS) algorithm is proposed. This technique introduces an extra frequency response which implicitly includes the weighting function such that the filter coefficients can be obtained with O(N²) complexity     

Dual-material gate (DMG) field effect transistor

A generic new type of field effect transistor (FET), the dual material gate (DMG) FET, is proposed and demonstrated. The gate of the DMGFET consists of two laterally contacting materials with different work functions. This novel gate structure takes advantage of material work function difference in such a way that the threshold voltage near the source is more positive than that near the drain (for n-channel FET, the opposite for p-channel FET), resulting in a more rapid acceleration of charge carriers in the channel and a screening effect to suppress short-channel effects. Using the heterostructure FET as a vehicle, the principle, computer simulation results, design guidelines, processing, and characterization of the DMGFET are discussed in detail     

Isometry-Based Shape-Adaptive Fractal Coding for Images

Fractal image coding is an effective method to eliminate the image redundancy through piecewise self-transformability. The fractal code consists of a set of contractive affine transforms. To improve the performance when a range block experiences large error, we usually partition the range block into square or nonsquare subrange blocks for two- or multilevel fractal coding. In this paper, we find an inherent property of fractal coding that can be used to decide the edge orientation of a range block. Then this property is used for shape-adaptive fractal coding (SAFC). In SAFC, the top-level range block is partitioned into square or nonsquare (rectangle or triangle) subrange blocks for multilevel fractal encoding. Here, the maximum size of the range block can be the same as that of the whole image size while the minimum size is 4×4. In SAFC, no additional computations are required to obtain the edge orientation of a range block. Instead, we propose an edge-orientation detector, where the edge orientation of a range block is obtained during the fractal encoding process. According to our simulation results, SAFC can reduce the bit rate requirement of the conventional fractal coding scheme.     

Reader Coverage Analysis for Multi-Carrier Passive UHF RFID Systems

Applications of passive radio frequency identification (RFID) systems have gained considerable attentions in recent years. Because a passive tag must obtain its operating power from a continuous wave transmitted from a reader in a conventional RFID system, reader coverage is limited. Thus, expanding reader coverage is a current goal in RFID research. In this work, passive tags are provided with additional operating power via continuous waves in multiple frequency bands. In an interrogation region, continuous wave emitters, which provide additional operating power to passive tags, are deployed according to the base station configuration in a cellular phone system. Because transmission power of continuous wave emitters must consider the reader command demodulation constraint and minimum operating power required by a tag, transmission power of continuous wave emitters must be chosen carefully. A method for analyzing reader coverage in multi-carrier passive UHF RFID systems is derived in this work. Assuming all tags are uniformly distributed in an interrogation region, the optimal continuous wave emitter transmission power that achieves the largest reader coverage can be analytically determined. Simulation results verify that continuous wave emitters with suitable transmission power expand reader coverage in a multi-carrier passive UHF RFID system. Additionally, adjusting reader power in the forward (reader-to-tag) link duration can loosen the reader command demodulation constraint and thereby further expand reader coverage.     

Dual Mechatronic MPPT Controllers With PN and OPSO Control Algorithms for the Rotatable Solar Panel in PHEV System

This paper aims at increasing the efficiency of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) by using rotatable solar panel. Conventionally, the PHEV with solar panel has a critical problem of putting on the roof of a PHEV. Since the limited space on the roof of the vehicle is not large enough, rotatable structure is considered to track the sunlight by mechanical petri-net (PN)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. A stepping motor is used to control the rotating angle of the rotating solar panel. In addition, the electric MPPT with orthogonal particle swarm optimization (OPSO) method is also included. With the dual mechatronic MPPT with PN $+$OPSO control algorithms, the maximum power in a limited roof space of the vehicle is possible. The solar panel has not to be very large. This will increase the efficiency of the PHEV. It is convinced that the proposed dual mechatronic PN$+$ OPSO MPPT controllers are helpful to the PHEV system.