Effect of steam environment on severe core damage behaviour for VVER-1000 with the ASTEC V1 code

Severe accident studies for very low frequency events for VVER-1000 (V320) are carried out to estimate in-vessel damage progression under steam-rich and starved conditions. The analyses with code ASTEC, jointly developed by IRSN (France) and GRS, Germany), have shown the influence of steam environment on core heat-up followed by material relocation, hydrogen production, vessel failure and aerosol generation along with release to containment. Hydro-accumulator injection for studied transients also gives rise to a steam-rich environment enhancing the material oxidation depending on the injection time and period. The generated information along with PSA-Level 2 is helpful to decide Plant Damage State (PDS) and fruitfully develop accident management strategies for the plant.     

A brief review of the ionic conductivity enhancement for selected oxide electrolytes

The advantages of lowering the operation temperature of SOFCs have attracted great interest worldwide. One of the major barriers to decreasing the operation temperature is the ohmic loss of the electrolyte. Maximizing the electrolyte ionic conductivity is of significant importance, especially in the absence of new electrolyte materials. The ionic conductivity of electrolytes can be influenced by many parameters. There has been an enormous effort in the literature for the improvement of the electrolyte ionic conductivity. From a practical point of view, this paper reviews various approaches to enhancing the ionic conductivity of polycrystalline zirconia- and ceria-based oxide electrolytes in the light of composition, microstructure, and processing. Suggestions are given for future work.     

Multi-electrode microbial fuel cell (MEMFC): A close analysis towards large scale system architecture

Microbial fuel cells are capable of producing electricity through the treatment of wastewater, however, the low power density poses main hurdles towards their wide application. In present work, microbial fuel cell based on multiple anodes, acting as baffle is constructed for achieving higher performance which can be scaled up for real life application. It is investigated for continuous sixty two days using distillery wastewater (WW) in three batches under ambient condition. During first batch, the WW is maintained under stagnant condition inside the anode chamber where as in the rest of the two batches WW is recirculated in the chamber. A maximum power density 427 mW m⁻², is achieved under stagnant condition which is further enhanced to 597 mW m⁻² under recirculation mode. Recirculation of WW reduces the internal resistance arising from the mass transfer by 50%. Maximum COD removal and Coulombic efficiency obtained is 43% and 23%. Biofouling on the surface of the membrane facing anode chamber is observed.     

Isolation and identification of phosphate‐solubilizing microorganisms and distribution of orthophosphate in different seasons from sewage‐fed East Kolkata Wetland

This study focused on isolation and identification of possible phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria (PSB ) from the sewage‐fed East Kolkata Wetland (EKWL ), a prospective water resource for pisciculture. In addition, different limnological parameters have been correlated with orthophosphate and seasonal variations. PSB have been isolated in Pikovskaya medium and identified morphologically and biochemically and finally analysed by 16S rDNA gene sequence. Limnological studies involving temperature (potentiometric), pH (potentiometric), dissolved oxygen (iodometric), ammonia‐nitrogen (spectrophotometric) and orthophosphate (spectrophotometric) concentrations were conducted. The results of this study established the presence of Bacillus megaterium , a potential PSB in EKWL . The activity of B. megaterium is also supported by the seasonal orthophosphate variations. The changes in concentration of other limnological parameters were also prominent. The water quality parameters of temperature (r  = 0.886), dissolved oxygen (r  = 0.729) and ammonia‐nitrogen (r  = 0.396) concentrations exhibited a positive correlation with orthophosphate and a negative correlation with pH (r  = ?0.699). The B. megaterium obtained in this study, exhibited a significant alteration in regard to orthophosphate content and relationships with other factors. Further experiment on the soluble phosphorus solubilization potential of B. megaterium revealed the biological availability of phosphorus was increased by threefold after 120 hr of incubation, with the decreasing pH value, although the phytase activity was 0.419 U/ml. PSB have a vital function in plant nutrition in supplying phosphate, essential nutrients and its uptake results in appropriate functioning and metabolism of different aquatic plants and organisms. PSB are competent biofertilizer to amplify aquaculture production for sustainable development.     

Supporting inheritance hierarchy changes in model-based regression test selection

Software and Systems Modeling - Models can be used to ease and manage the development, evolution, and runtime adaptation of a software system. When models are adapted, the resulting models must be...     

Optimal design of autonomous desalination with storage energy system using SSO algorithm

Sustainable power sources, that is, the energy produced as of hydro control, biomass, wind, geothermal, sunlight, and sea resources deliberated as innovative choice intended to create clean energy and crisp water. The majority of the nations have challenged issues proceeding freshwater and power creation, which tends to the utilization of sustainable power source-controlled desalination frameworks. In this work expanding the clean water accessibility that satisfies the load need, Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) on the basis of Reverse Osmosis Desalination (ROD) is structured and then displayed. HRES is getting to be well known for power applications because of advances in sustainable power sources. Here, an innovative calculation based on Social Spider Optimization (SSO) is aimed at explaining the required optimization tasks. The technique referenced is turned out to be powerful, utilizing sustainable power source framework. The proposed system is contrasted with a genuine contextual analysis in the eastern part of Iran, Canary Islands and outcomes demonstrate that it has been successfully utilized thinking about both power quality and cost. Also, the outcomes acquired by the suggested technique are very encouraging to outline the capability and strength of the introduced methodology.     

Optimization of material and process parameters of fibrous quilt for comfortable heat loss from human body

Various quilt samples are prepared by carding (web formation) of three kinds of fibers viz. cotton, normal polyester and hollow polyester and stitching the webs with a covering fabric. Effects of various parameters such as fiber type, fiber fineness, mass per square meter of the quilt (g m^?2), applied compression and temperature difference on thermal conductivity of the quilts are investigated. Comfortable heat loss from the human body is theoretically estimated (123.66–159.14?W m^?2), and these parameters are optimized by employing 3³ Box-Behnken response surface design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to maintain the comfortable heat loss from human body by the quilts. One empirical model has been derived to predict heat loss through the quilts with the given quilt parameters. The empirical model helps to understand and design a quilt suitable for the use in a designated cold climate.