Growth of the LD Process

A brief survey of world-wide LD facilities illustrates the dramatic growth of this steelmaking process.     

Absence of eicosatrienoic acid in plasma of sheep parenterally infused with a high glucose fat-free solution

Five yearling wether sheep were maintained on total intravenous, fat-free feeding for periods in excess of 4 weeks. Analysis of plasma total lipid, neutral lipid, and phospholipid fatty acid patterns showed a decrease in linoleic acid during the first week, after which levels tended to stabilize. Rate of decrease in linoleic acid content of plasma phospholipids of two sheep was different. Changes in nonessential fatty acids were variable. 5,8,11- and 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acids were not detected in any of the sheep. Approved as Journal Article No. 102-76, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691.     

Immunization against East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection of cattle) by infection and treatment: chemoprophylaxis with N-pyrrolidinomethyl tetracycline

Cattle were immunized against East Coast fever by the inoculation of a tick-derived stabilate of Theileria parva infective particles and the intramuscular injection, at daily intervals, of n-pyrrolidinomethyl tetracycline at a dose level of 5 mg/kg. Four doses of the tetracycline, starting on the day of inoculation of the infective stabilate, minimised the ECF reactions in the cattle during immunization. Immunity to homologous T. parva stabilate challenge was demonstrated in 27 out of 27 cattle infected and treated in this manner.     

A death certificate analysis of nasal cancer among furniture workers in North Carolina

A case-control study of nasal cancer, based on death certificate statements on occupation in North Carolina counties with furniture-manufacturing industries, revealed a 4-fold excess risk linked to this occupation. Although woodworking exposures have been associated with nasal adenocarcinomas in several areas of the world, this is the first report of such a relationship in the United States.     

Investigation of the fracture mechanism of Ti-5AI-2.5Sn at cryogenic temperatures

Fractography and metallographic sectioning were used to investigate the influence of microstructure on the fracture mechanism and fracture toughness (K_Ic) of normal interstitial and extra low interstitial (ELI) Ti-5Al-2.5Sn at 20 K (-423°F) and 77 K (-320°F). Plates of each grade were mill annealed at 815°C (1500°F) followed by either air or furnace cooling. These variations in composition and cooling rate resulted in differences in the volume fraction and internal structure of the dispersed β phase and in the ordering of the α matrix. The ELI alloys were tougher than the normal interstitial plates. K_Ic of the furnace-cooled ELI plate was 25 pct lower than that of the air-cooled ELI material. Variations in cooling rate had no influence of K_Ic of the normal interstitial alloys. Fractography showed that a large portion of the fracture surfaces were covered with elongated dimples commonly called “flutes.” Metallographic sections of specimens deformed at 77 K showed that these features form at the intersections of slip bands or deformation twins with grain or twin boundaries. Ordering and higher interstitial levels increase the local strain in slip bands resulting in void nucleation at lower macroscopic strains and lower K_Ic values. Formerly Graduate Student, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.     

Unit helium requirements for superconductive energy applications in the USA

Estimates of the helium requirements for superconductive magnetic energy storage, magnetically confined fusion reactors, superconducting power transmission lines, magnetohydrodynamic units, superconducting motors and generators, and particle accelerators are presented. The approach entails surveying estimates from system studies, then developing simple scaling laws to calculate helium inventories. Helium loss rates are discussed and applied to estimate annual helium makeup.     

Dialysis in the treatment of renal failure in patients with liver disease

The value and effects of treating renal failure by dialysis are analyzed in a series of 84 patients with various types of liver disease. Although none of the 25 patients with cirrhosis survived, six of 50 with fulminant hepatic failure recovered completely as did seven of nine patients with renal failure secondary to extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction or with liver and renal damage following episodes of severe hypotension. Dialysis was required for seven weeks before diuresis occurred in one patient in the latter group. Both peritoneal and hemodialysis satisfactorily controlled plasma urea and creatinine levels, except in patients with fulminant hepatic failure in whom this was only achieved by hemodialysis. Complications of dialysis were most common in patients with cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure and included hypotension, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intraperitoneal sepsis. Overall, the results show that dialysis is only worth attempting in those patients in whom recovery of the underlying liver lesion is possible, and even then treatment for prolonged periods may be necessary.