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41.
Clegg S.T. Murphy K.A. Joines W.T. Rine G. Samulski T.V. 《Microwave Theory and Techniques》1994,42(10):1984-1991
A three dimensional finite element solution scheme is developed for numerically computing electromagnetically induced power depositions. The solution method is applicable to those problems for which it can be reasonably assumed that the magnetic permeability is homogeneous. The method employs an incident field/scattered field approach where the incident field is precalculated and used as the forcing function for the computation of the scattered field. A physically logical condition is used for the numerical boundary conditions to overcome the fact that electromagnetic problems are generally unbounded (i.e., the boundary condition is applied at infinity) but numerical models must have a boundary condition applied to some finite location. At that numerical boundary, an outgoing spherical wave is simulated. Finally, an alternate to a direct solution scheme is described. This alternate method, a preconditioned conjugate gradient solver, provides both a storage and CPU time advantage over direct solution methods. For example, a one-thousand fold decrease in CPU time was achieved for simple test cases. Unlike most iterative methods, the preconditioned conjugate gradient technique used has the important property of guaranteed convergence. Solutions obtained from this finite element method are compared to analytic solutions demonstrating that the solution method is second-order accurate 相似文献
42.
Protein export in Escherichia coli is absolutely dependent on two integral membrane proteins, SecY and SecE. Previous deletion mutagenesis of the secE gene showed that only the third of three membrane-spanning segments and a portion of the second cytoplasmic region are necessary for its function in protein export. Here we further define the residues important for SecE function. Alignment of the SecE homologues of various eubacteria reveals that they all contain one membrane-spanning segment, compared with three in E. coli SecE, and that the most conserved region among them lies in their putative cytoplasmic amino termini; little homology exists in their membrane-spanning segments. The SecE homologue of the extreme thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima was cloned and found to complement a deletion of secE in E. coli. Deletion or replacement of the cytoplasmic region of E. coli SecE eliminated SecE function, indicating that this sequence is essential for a functional secretion machinery. Mutant analysis suggests that the most important function of the third membrane-spanning segment is to maintain the proper topological arrangement of the conserved cytoplasmic domain. 相似文献
43.
OBJECTIVE: Microvascular pericytes may contract in two different ways: In the first, a circumferential or radial mechanical force applied at right angles to the long axis of the vessel may constrict the underlying vessel affecting blood flow and transmural pressure. Retraction and elongation of pericyte processes may also occur tangentially and at right angles to the vessel axis and alter microvessel permeability by changing the amount of ablumenal surface covered or the openness of interendothelial junctions. In this study, cultured pericytes were utilized as a model experimental system to determine if vasoactive stimulation changes their shape in a manner consistent with this hypothesis. METHODS: Pericytes cultured from isolated rate capillaries were subjected to angiotensin II and histamine. Their response was monitored by measuring the area of non-yielding substrate covered by the pericytes and the manner in which their shape changed. Shape changes were quantified by calculating the surface area: perimeter perimeter ratios. RESULTS: Histamine significantly reduced surface area covered and the surface area:perimeter ratio. The pericyte processes retracted, resulting in elongated, spindle-shaped cells. These effects were nullified by the H1 blocker diphenhydramine suggesting a receptor-specific response. Angiotensin II also elicited contraction and reduced surface area, but the cells contracted laterally and longitudinally. The surface area: perimeter ratios also decreased. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that pericytes are capable of two types of contractile responses in culture, depending on the specific vasoactive stimulus. 相似文献
44.
RM Effros C Murphy A Hacker RM Schapira R Bongard 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,77(3):1460-1465
The use of methylene blue (MB) to estimate dilution of epithelial lining fluid, which occurs during bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), is complicated by loss of this redox dye from the air spaces. The rate of MB uptake from the air spaces of isolated rat lungs and the effects of oxidation and reduction on this process were investigated in this study. Movement of MB from the air spaces to perfusate was compared with the corresponding transport of 125I-labeled albumin, [14C]-dextran, 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, [3H]-sucrose, and 3H2O. By the end of 2 min, MB concentrations in the BAL had fallen by 58 +/- 4% (SE; n = 11) and 3H2O by 78 +/- 2% (n = 13), whereas concentrations of the other indicators decreased by approximately 6%. All but 10% of the 3H2O lost from the air spaces was found in the perfusate, whereas 19% of the lost MB was not recovered in the perfusate, suggesting retention of MB in the pulmonary tissues. Absorption of MB from the air spaces was slowed by 20% when the lungs were left unperfused, and absorption was accelerated threefold by reduction of MB to leukomethylene blue with Na2S2O4. In contrast, MB losses from the air space were slowed by the oxidizing agent K3Fe(CN)6 and by addition of superoxide dismutase or ascorbic oxidase. It is therefore possible that ascorbic acid and O2- entering the air spaces reduce MB to the uncharged leuko form. Lowering the pH of the BAL fluid to 3.5 also slowed MB reabsorption. This suggests that acid aspiration may stimulate release of oxidants into the air spaces. 相似文献
45.
46.
OR Hung S Pytka I Morris M Murphy G Launcelott S Stevens W MacKay RD Stewart 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,83(3):509-514
BACKGROUND: Transillumination of the soft tissue of the neck using a lighted stylet (lightwand) is an effective and safe intubating technique. A newly designed lightwand (Trachlight) incorporates modifications to improve the brightness of the light source as well as flexibility. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of this device in intubating the trachea of elective surgical patients. METHODS: Healthy surgical patients were studied. Patients with known or potential problems with intubation were excluded. During general anesthesia, the tracheas were intubated randomly using either the Trachlight or the laryngoscope. Failure to intubate was defined as lack of successful intubation after three attempts. The duration of each attempt was recorded as the time from insertion of the device into the oropharynx to the time of its removal. The total time to intubation (TTI), an overall measure of the ease of intubation, was defined as the sum of the durations of all (as many as three) intubation attempts. Complications, such as mucosal bleeding, lacerations, dental injury, and sore throat, were recorded. RESULTS: Nine hundred fifty patients (479 in the Trachlight group and 471 in the laryngoscope group) were studied. There was a 1% failure rate with the Trachlight, and 92% of intubations were successful on the first attempt, compared with a 3% failure rate and an 89% success rate on the first attempt with the laryngoscope (P not significant). All failures were followed by successful intubation using the alternate device. The TTI was significantly less with the Trachlight compared with the laryngoscope (15.7 +/- 10.8 vs. 19.6 +/- 23.7 s). For laryngoscopic intubation, the TTI was longer for patients with limited mandibular protrusion and mentohyoid distance, with a larger circumference of the neck, and with a high classification according to Mallampatti et al. However, there was no relation between the TTI and any of the airway parameters for Trachlight. There were significantly fewer traumatic events in the Trachlight group than in the laryngoscope group (10 vs. 37). More patients complained of sore throat in the laryngoscope group than in the Trachlight group (25.3% vs. 17.1%). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to laryngoscopy, the ease of intubation using the Trachlight does not appear to be influenced by anatomic variations of the upper airway. Intubation occasionally failed with the Trachlight but in all cases was resolved with direct laryngoscopy. The failures of direct laryngoscopy were resolved with Trachlight. Thus the combined technique was 100% successful in intubating the tracheas of all patients. 相似文献
47.
Liew Jeffrey; Eisenberg Nancy; Losoya Sandra H.; Fabes Richard A.; Guthrie Ivanna K.; Murphy Bridget C. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,17(4):584
Relations of heart rate and skin conductance reactions to mildly evocative empathy-inducing slides with socioemotional functioning were examined for 154 children (mean age = 9 years, 5 months). In addition, maternal expressivity was tested as a moderator of these relations. Parents and teachers rated children's socioemotional functioning, and a behavioral measure of children's regulation was obtained. Boys who exhibited higher skin conductance and higher heart rate to slides depicting negative emotions were better regulated, less emotionally intense, and better adjusted than their peers. Furthermore, boys' regulation and adjustment were positively related to such physiological responding to negative slides if maternal negative expressivity was relatively low or moderate, but not high. Fewer findings were obtained for girls or for positive slides. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
48.
Matrix metalloproteinases are thought to be key players in the remodelling activity of cells associated with both physiological and pathological processes. They share a relatively conserved structure with a number of identifiable modules linked to their specific functions. The structure of the individual domains of a number of matrix metalloproteinases have now been elucidated. Here we review these data in the light of complementary studies on the behaviour of these enzymes in biological systems. In particular we focus on the C-terminal hemopexin-like domain which has intriguingly specific roles in individual matrix metalloproteinases. 相似文献
49.
50.
MN Janakiraman KD Watenpaugh PK Tomich KT Chong SR Turner RA Tommasi S Thaisrivongs JW Strohbach 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,8(10):1237-1242
Potent, non-peptidic, dihydropyrone sulfonamide HIV protease inhibitors have been previously described. Crystallographic analysis of dihydropyrone sulfonamide inhibitor/HIV protease complexes suggested incorporation of a second, C2 symmetry-related sulfonamide group. Selected bis-sulfonamide dihydropyrone analogues display high HIV protease inhibitory activity. 相似文献