阻燃剂TPSP对棉布阻燃性能和力学性能的影响

用阻燃剂螺环磷酰四氢吡咯酯(TPSP)与水性聚丙烯酸酯胶黏剂复合制成阻燃涂层胶,对棉布进行阻燃整理。通过正交实验得到了较优的阻燃整理条件:阻燃剂与黏合剂聚丙烯酸酯的质量比(阻/胶)为1.5∶1,棉布与阻燃胶的质量比(布/阻+胶)为60∶40,焙烘温度为140℃,焙烘时间为1.5 min。在该条件下,棉布的LOI值由未阻燃的18.2%提高到28.9%,阻燃等级达到B1级,断裂强力由未阻燃的364 N(经向)和320 N(纬向)提高到917 N(经向)和472 N(纬向),说明阻燃剂TPSP不但提高了棉布的阻燃性,而且提高了棉布的断裂强力。对优化条件下整理的棉布进行热重分析,结果表明,棉布的初始分解温度由未阻燃的314.5℃降低到287.6℃,降低了26.9℃;600℃时的残留量由未阻燃的0.29%增加到38.87%,增加了38.58%,说明阻燃剂TPSP有效地提高了棉布的成炭性能。     

NR/SiO_2复合体系结合胶及动态力学性能研究

研究了白炭黑用量和Si69原位改性对NR/SiO2复合体系结合胶含量及其与动态力学性能之间关系的影响。结果表明,随着白炭黑用量的增大,2种复合体系(NR/SiO2/Si69和NR/SiO2)结合胶含量均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当白炭黑用量达到临界值时,复合体系结合胶含量最大,此时Payne效应开始显现。当白炭黑用量超过临界值时,复合体系结合胶含量减小,形成完善的填料网络结构,出现明显的Payne效应。与NR/SiO2复合体系相比,NR/SiO2/Si69复合体系结合胶含量大大提高,白炭黑用量的临界值也相应提高,Payne效应减弱。     

套管夹套缩口的模具设计及冲压工艺

采用自主设计的模具以冲压工艺一次成型套管夹套缩口,该工艺具有产品尺寸精度高、生产效率高、生产成本低等优点,可满足大批量生产的要求。     

射流曝气技术在FCC烟气脱硫废水处理中的应用

目前流化催化裂化(FCC)装置烟气脱硫净化基本采用钠碱湿法洗涤技术,该工艺不可避免地产生大量高化学需氧量(COD)脱硫废水。介绍了射流曝气技术在FCC烟气脱硫废水氧化中的应用,并阐述了射流曝气技术的性能特点。结合工程应用情况,分析了供气方式、工作压力、浆液池水深和布置方式等影响因素。工程应用结果显示:脱硫废水经射流曝气氧化后,COD不大于30 mg/L,COD平均去除率可达95%,远低于国家现行排放标准要求。     

Production of glass-ceramics using Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) fly ash is a by-product from municipal waste incineration.According to incomplete statistics, each year more than one million tons MSWI fly ash was produced in China. Owing to high heavy elements content, widely used disposal methods of landfill are not suitable for MSWI fly ash treatment. In this study, by using MSWI fly ash as raw materials, glassceramics was synthesized for the solidification of heavy metals and waste recycle. Process parameters, including composition, heat treatment temperature and time, were studied and optimized. Under optimizing conditions, the product has good properties of density of 3.42 g·cm~(-3) and Vickers hardness of 6.91 GPa. Moreover, the leaching concentration of heavy metal elements meets allowable values of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP).This study offers an alternative for MSWI fly ash recycle.     

Photovoltaic Study of Photoelectrochemical Biofuel Cells Sensitized by Porphyrin Derivatives with Different Substituents

Two porphyrin derivatives with different substituents were investigated as dyes for the titanium dioxide (TiO₂) film electrode to construct new two-compartment photoelectrochemical biofuel cells (PEBFCs). The two porphyrin derivatives were tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) and meso-tetra(p-hydroxyphenyl)porphine (THPP). To determine how cell performance was affected by the dye with different substituents, we analyzed the photochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of the two dyes by physical characterization and photoelectrochemical experiments. The UV–Vis absorption spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated that the interactions between the dye and TiO₂ decreased in the order of TCPP > THPP, which was also in accord with the results of Fourier transform infrared. In addition, TCPP and THPP were calculated using the density functional theory and the time-dependent density functional theory, and the calculation result exhibited that the radiative lifetime decreased in the order of TCPP > THPP. Compared with THPP, TCPP with longer excited-state was expected to enhance the performance of a PEBFC. We measured and compared the incident photon-to-collected electron conversion efficiency and the light-to-electrical conversion efficiency (η) of the porphyrin-sensitized photoelectrochemical biofuel cell. The photovoltaic characteristics showed the TCPP was more effective compared to the THPP, which obviously showed that the experimental results were consistent with theoretical expectation. These results revealed that the kind of the substituent for the porphyrin influenced the photovoltaic properties of the PEBFC.     

Exposure to Diflubenzuron Results in an Up-Regulation of a Chitin Synthase 1 Gene in Citrus Red Mite,Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Chitin synthase synthesizes chitin, which is critical for the arthropod exoskeleton. In this study, we cloned the cDNA sequences of a chitin synthase 1 gene, PcCHS1, in the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), which is one of the most economically important pests of citrus worldwide. The full-length cDNA of PcCHS1 contains an open reading frame of 4605 bp of nucleotides, which encodes a protein of 1535 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 175.0 kDa. A phylogenetic analysis showed that PcCHS1 was most closely related to CHS1 from Tetranychus urticae. During P. citri development, PcCHS1 was constantly expressed in all stages but highly expressed in the egg stage (114.8-fold higher than in the adult). When larvae were exposed to diflubenzuron (DFB) for 6 h, the mite had a significantly high mortality rate, and the mRNA expression levels of PcCHS1 were significantly enhanced. These results indicate a promising use of DFB to control P. citri, by possibly acting as an inhibitor in chitin synthesis as indicated by the up-regulation of PcCHS1 after exposure to DFB.     

阴离子交换树脂床“钠离子放大”原因、影响及应对措施

离子交换树脂法制化学除盐水,阴床"钠离子放大"会降低阴床及后继混床除盐效率,同时会造成已被吸着的阴离子,从阴离子交换树脂中解吸出来,造成除盐水不合格。