基于高交流调制比的混合MMC配比约束方案设计

全桥子模块的负电平输出性能,可使混合型MMC系统交流调制比大于1。基于高交流调制比的混合型MMC配比优化设计,可降低直流故障率,提升交流电网电压等级,扩展交直流电压运行区域,对柔性直流输电发展意义重大。因此,提出直流故障穿越与半桥子模块电容电压平衡约束的高交流调制比混合型MMC全桥比例设计方法;建立±500kV双端混合型MMC系统模型,分析直流故障量暂态特性与半桥子模块电容电压波动规律,得到混合型MMC配比综合优化设计方案。结果表明,全桥占比应不小于41%,随全桥比例增大,系统故障后电压恢复时间先减后增,故障自清除时间缩短,半桥子模块电容电压波动减小8.15kV,电容电压波动与交流调制比呈正相关变化;全桥比例为75%的MMC子模块故障处理能力强,综合性能最优。研究结果为MMC轻型化设计提供参考。     

Piezoelectric properties of SrBi2M2− xVxO9 (M = Nb and Ta) ceramics

Vanadium-substituted strontium bismuth tantalate, Sr_0.8Bi_2.2Ta_{2− x}V_xO₉ (SBTVx), and strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb_{2− x}V_xO₉ (SBNVx), ceramics were synthesized by a low-temperature processing, and their dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were characterized. With the partial substitution of tantalum or niobium by vanadium cations, the single phase of the ABi₂M₂O₉-type structure was preserved and the sintering temperature was significantly decreased. For the SBNV ceramics, the T _c of 437^∘C for x = 0.0, the vanadium content hardly changed. On the other hand, the T _c of the SBTV ceramics increased from 408^∘C for the non-substituted SBTV to 414^∘C for x = 0.05 and then with the increasing vanadium content, the T _c decreased to 379^∘C for x = 0.20. The remanent polarizations, P _r, of SBTV and SBNV at room temperature were 4.9 and 5.4 μC/cm², respectively. All the obtained independent electromechanical coupling factors of the SBTV0.05 ceramics were as follows: k _p = 0.119, k ₃₁ = 0.073, k ₃₃ = 0.165, k ₁₅ = 0.051 and k _t = 0.134, and the SBNV0.05 ceramics were as follows: k _p = 0.074, k ₃₁ = 0.045, k ₃₃ = 0.175, k ₁₅ = 0.106 and k _t = 0.140. These coupling factors were higher than those of the non-substituted materials. From these results, the vanadium-substituted SBT and SBN-based materials can be expected to be lead-free piezoelectric resonator materials that can be prepared at low sintering temperatures.     

Eating habits in childhood relate to preference for traditional diets among young Japanese

The present study investigated whether eating habits during childhood, specifically the type of food eaten for breakfast, is related to later attitudes toward traditional foods among young Japanese. In the experiment, participants were classified into two groups: one consisting of freshmen that habitually ate a Japanese-style breakfast during childhood (n = 28) and the other of freshmen that habitually ate a Western-style breakfast (n = 20). They were asked to complete a personalized implicit association test (IAT) and a self-report questionnaire, both of which measure attitudes toward Japanese and Western foods. Results demonstrated that implicit and explicit associations between Japanese food and attitude in the Japanese-style breakfast group were stronger than those between type of food and attitude in the Western-style breakfast group. Thus, positive attitudes toward traditional diets in young Japanese are likely related to the type of breakfast eaten in childhood.     

暂态稳定视角下的最佳重合闸时间及其在线整定

基于双机等值方法提出整定最佳重合闸时间(ORCT)的绝对动能判据,构建了反映重合后系统稳定程度的指标。结合广域测量系统(WAMS)实时采集的数据,采用曲线特征拟合法对故障后发电机等值角速度进行在线预测,给出一种最佳重合闸时间的在线整定方法。算例仿真表明,所提方法能在线预测出最佳重合闸时间,且能够抑制系统振荡,有效提高了系统暂态稳定性。稳定指标也验证了所提方法的合理性。     

配电网单相接地故障对计量回路影响的分析研究

我国配电网中性点不接地系统出现单相接地故障时,允许系统可以带电运行两小时。本文针对以上现状,补足之前关注上的缺失,专门研究了该情况对配电网负荷侧和电源侧电能计量回路的影响。本文推导了电能计量装置分别装设在负荷侧和电源侧时,发生单相接地故障后电能计量回路的数学物理模型,以及发生单相接地故障前后配电线路有功损耗变化的表达式,并通过仿真试验验证,得出了发生单相接地故障对负荷侧电能计量回路无影响但对电源侧电能计量回路有影响的结论。     

Thermoelectric Properties of Nanograined ZnO

Bulk ZnO with a grain size of 20 nm was successfully obtained by pulsed electric current sintering. The crystalline size was almost identical to that of the raw particles, because the sintering temperature was as low as 200°C. A pressure of 500 MPa effectively enhanced densification, leading to a relative density of >90% at 200°C. The small grain size led to a low thermal conductivity of 3 W/m K at room temperature, due to enhanced boundary scattering. The Seebeck coefficient was higher than that of micrograined ZnO with similar Ga doping (0.3 at.% Ga). However, the resistivity was increased by more than 1000 times. The temperature dependence of conductivity showed thermally activated conduction behavior, while that of micrograined ZnO exhibited metallic-like behavior. The thermoelectric properties suggest that a carrier trap in the nanograined ZnO hinders carrier transport. Surface modification of the ZnO nanoparticles by heat treatment in H₂ resulted in observable photoluminescence which was quenched in the starting nanoparticles, and led to a decrease in the resistivity of the sintered bulk, which indicates that control of surface defects on the nanoparticles is crucial for enhancement of the thermoelectric properties of nanograined ZnO.     

Accurate extraction of the mechanical properties of thin films by nanoindentation for the design of reliable MEMS

Traditional procedures for the extraction of mechanical properties of thin films by nanoindentation measurements have shown problems in terms of accuracy and in the ability to support sophisticated constitutive models. In this paper, an inverse modeling procedure based on finite element analysis is presented to solve these limitations. Finite element simulation is used to predict the relationships between the indentation load and depth. The developed approach is applied to extract the viscoplastic properties of aluminum single grain, the viscoelastic properties of acrylic resin films, and the residual strain in stainless steel.     

Nanostructuring and Thermoelectric Characterization of (GaSb)3(1−x)(Ga2Te3) x

GaSb is a promising thermoelectric material that exhibits good electrical properties. However, it has a high lattice thermal conductivity (κ _lat). Nanostructured bulk materials have been attracting interest because they effectively scatter phonons, significantly reducing κ _lat. AgPb _m SbTe _m+2 (LAST-m) compounds have recently been reported to have low κ _lat. These compounds have a NaCl structure, similar to that of binary PbTe, where Ag and Sb occupy the Pb site. In these compounds, two divalent Pb atoms are replaced with a monovalent Ag atom and a trivalent Sb atom to maintain charge compensation. In the present study, we reduced κ _lat of GaSb by applying the same principle as in LAST-m. Specifically, we substituted Te for Sb and generated vacancies at the Ga site to maintain charge compensation. This produced compounds with chemical compositions of (GaSb)_3(1?x)(Ga₂Te₃) _x (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.25), where GaSb and Ga₂Te₃ both have the zincblende crystal structure. We employed two different annealing conditions: annealing at 833 K followed by quenching, and annealing at 833 K followed by cooling to room temperature over 3 days. The former annealed samples with compositions of x = 0.05 and 0.10 had nanoscale Ga-rich precipitates and exhibited a large reduction in κ _lat.     

The differences in conformation between {alpha}-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide, {alpha}-hANP, and its derivative, Met(O)-{alpha}-hANP, in solution

The differences in conformation between -human atrial natriureticpolypeptide (-hANP) and its inactive analog, Met(O)--hANP, havebeen analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Allproton resonances for both peptides were assigned by means ofthe sequential assignment procedure. The three-dimensional structureof -hANP in solution had previously been determined by distancegeometry calculation using distance constraints derived fromnuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs). Here, the three-dimensionalstructure of Met(O)--hANP was determined. The conformationaldifferences between these two molecules were as follows: threesegments of -hANP, Serl–Cys7, Arg11–Ala17 and Gln18–Tyr28,have some ordered structures. In Met(O)--hANP the Gln18-Tyr28region has a similar conformation, while the remaining two regionsdo not have the ordered structure found in -hANP. It is suggestedthat the conserved conformation of the Gln18–Tyr28 regionis required for binding to the ANP receptor and that the slightbiological activity of Met(O)-a-hANP is due to loss of the orderedstructures evoked in the Serl–Cys7 and Arg11–Ala17regions of -hANP.     

A General Strategy for Stretchable Microwave Antenna Systems using Serpentine Mesh Layouts

Wireless functionality is essential for the implementation of wearable systems, but its adaptation in stretchable electronic systems has had limited success. In this paper, the electromagnetic properties of stretchable serpentine mesh‐based systems is studied, and this general strategy is used to produce high‐performance stretchable microwave systems. Stretchable mechanics are enabled by converting solid metallic sections in conventional systems to subwavelength‐scale serpentine meshes, followed by bonding to an elastomeric substrate. Compared to prior implementations of serpentine meshes in microwave systems, this conversion process is extended to arbitrary planar layouts, including those containing curvilinear shapes. A detailed theoretical analysis is also performed and a natural tradeoff is quantified between the stretching mechanics and microwave performance of these systems. To explore the translation of these concepts from theory to experiment, two types of stretchable microwave devices are fabricated and characterized: a stretchable far‐field dipole antenna for communications and a stretchable midfield phased surface for the wireless powering of biomedical implanted devices.