Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions.

Examined the validity of distinguishing children with reading disabilities according to discrepancy and low-achievement definitions by obtaining 4 assessments of expected reading achievement and 2 assessments of actual reading achievement for 199 children (aged 7.5–9.5 yrs). These assessments were used to subdivide the sample into discrepancy and low-achievement definitional groups who were compared on 9 cognitive variables related to reading proficiency. Results did not support the validity of discrepancy vs low achievement definitions. Although differences between Ss with impaired reading and Ss without impaired reading were large, differences between Ss with impaired reading who met IQ-based discrepancy definitions and those who met low reading achievement definitions were small or not significant. Measures of phonological awareness were robust indicators of differences between Ss with impaired reading and Ss without impaired reading regardless of how reading disability was defined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Response ofDendroctonus brevicomis Le Conte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to different release rates and ratios of aggregation semiochemicals and the inhibitors verbenone and ipsdienol

The response of western pine beetle,Dendroctonus brevicomis Le Conte, to different release rates of the aggregation semiochemicals (attractants)exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene and the inhibitors verbenone and ipsdienol was investigated. Release rates of verbenone ranging from 0.18 mg/ 24 hr to 1.2 mg/24 hr did not result in significant reductions in mean trap catch ofD. brevicomis. In contrast, very low release rates of ipsdienol (0.02–0.4 mg/24 hr) significantly reduced trap catch compared to controls. The combination of verbenone and ipsdienol, released at rates above 0.09 and 0.02 mg/24 hr, respectively, resulted in significantly lower trap catches ofD. brevicomis in attractant-baited traps. Results of an experiment testing a factorial combination of different release rates of verbenone and attractants suggest that response is not ratio-specific. The response curve ofD. brevicomis to the levels of verbenone was similar across all levels of attractants, while the response to equivalent ratios of attractants to verbenone was not similar, suggesting that the behavior of the beetles is primarily influenced by the absolute release rate of verbenone.     

Success expectancies and the probability learning of children of low and middle socioeconomic status.

Studied lower and middle SES groups each containing 16 children high and 16 low in expectancy of success, as defined by teachers' assessments of the children's general classroom successfulness. SES was not found to influence performance of a 3-choice partially reinforced discrimination learning task. However, low success-rated Ss made more maximizing responses, indicating their willingness to accept a lesser degree of reinforcement, than did high success-rated Ss. SES by Sex interactions indicated the complex determinants of children's probability learning. The findings are related to the issue of homogeneous vs heterogeneous grouping of children in schools. The effects such practices might have on children's success expectancies are discussed. (36 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of A World of Difference: Gender Roles in Perspective.

Reviews the book, A World of Difference: Gender Roles in Perspective by Esther R. Greenglass (1982). In A World of Difference, Esther Greenglass has given us an excellent social-psychological perspective on sex, gender, and sex-role differences. Greenglass clearly analyses current research on these topics with the perspective of the culture in which gender-based behaviour occurs. Equally important, however, is the discussion of the social and cultural context of the research itself. Aside from this important and useful discussion of the research in its social context, there is a very thorough review of contemporary issues relating to gender roles. This is a very readable book for students. The collection of pictures and cartoons depicting contemporary male and female roles illustrates the issues while showing their humorous side. Throughout the book, there are examples of Canadian data and Canadian research which will make the book particularly appealing to those who find that U.S. texts are too chauvinistic about the American experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Theory and assessment in family psychology: Weak links.

Explores 3 possible reasons for the failure of the link between theory and assessment in family psychology. A primary reason for the failure is a lack of a multilevel unified theory of family functioning. A 2nd reason is that, in addition to multiple, uncoordinated theories, many family constructs are not yet refined enough for behavioral definitions. A 3rd problem in the connection of family theory to family assessment is the lack of attention to the measurement of change in family variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

封装面临着更加重大的挑战

作为对ITRS 2006的回应,iNEMI(国家电子制造促进会)在其2007年的封装发展路线图中,将薄型晶圆封装及相关的堆叠芯片看作半导体产业所面临的优先级最高的重大挑战或“空白”。