Re-entrainment in wave-plate mist eliminators

Wave-plate mist eliminators are among the most effective devices to separate liquid from the gas. Liquid separation efficiency in these devices is largely dependent on the gas superficial velocity. However, the upper limit of gas throughput is restricted by the re-entrainment of the deposited liquid from the separator surfaces into the gas stream. There is some knowledge available of re-entrainment phenomena in vertical wave-plate separators. This paper presents experiments that have enabled the mechanisms of entrainment to be identified and the boundaries for air and liquid rates at which entrainment starts for horizontal wave-plate separators to be characterised. It is supported by modelling using an extension of earlier work.     

A Real-Time Automatic Translation of Text to Sign Language

Communication is a basic need of every human being; by this, they can learn, express their feelings and exchange their ideas, but deaf people cannot listen and speak. For communication, they use various hands gestures, also known as Sign Language (SL), which they learn from special schools. As normal people have not taken SL classes; therefore, they are unable to perform signs of daily routine sentences (e.g., what are the specifications of this mobile phone?). A technological solution can facilitate in overcoming this communication gap by which normal people can communicate with deaf people. This paper presents an architecture for an application named Sign4PSL that translates the sentences to Pakistan Sign Language (PSL) for deaf people with visual representation using virtual signing character. This research aims to develop a generic independent application that is lightweight and reusable on any platform, including web and mobile, with an ability to perform offline text translation. The Sign4PSL relies on a knowledge base that stores both corpus of PSL Words and their coded form in the notation system. Sign4PSL takes English language text as an input, performs the translation to PSL through sign language notation and displays gestures to the user using virtual character. The system is tested on deaf students at a special school. The results have shown that the students were able to understand the story presented to them appropriately.     

A stateless fairness-driven active queue management scheme for efficient and fair bandwidth allocation in congested Internet routers

Fair bandwidth sharing is important for the Internet architecture to be more accommodative of the heterogeneity. The Internet relies primarily on the end-systems to cooperatively deploy congestion control mechanisms for achieving high network utilization and some degree of fairness among flows. However, the cooperative behavior may be abandoned by some end-systems that act selfishly to be more competitive through bandwidth abuse. The result can be severe unfairness and even congestion collapse. Fairness-driven active queue management, thus, becomes essential for allocating the shared bottleneck bandwidth fairly among competing flows. This paper proposes a novel stateless active queue management algorithm, termed CHOKeH, to enforce fairness in bottleneck routers. CHOKeH splits the queue into dynamic regions at each packet arrival and treats each region differently for performing matched-drops using a dynamically updated drawing factor, which is based on the level of queue occupancy and the buffer size. In this way, CHOKeH can effectively identify and restrict unfair flows from dominating the bandwidth by discarding more packets from these flows. The performance of CHOKeH is studied through extensive simulations. The results demonstrate that CHOKeH is well suited for fair bandwidth allocation even in the presence of multiple unresponsive flows and across a wider range of buffer sizes. The results also show the ability of CHOKeH to provide inter-protocol and intra-protocols fairness and protection for short-lived flows. With a low per-packet-processing complexity, CHOKeH is amenable to implementation in core routers to offer an effective incentive structure for end-systems to self-impose some form of congestion control.