球铁渗硫软氮化耐磨性研究

对球铁进行了渗硫软氮化试验，分析结果表明，在工件表面上形成一层很薄的多孔化合物层。文中除了找出最佳渗硫软氮化工艺方案外，对提高耐磨性机理进行了初步分析。     

Characterization of leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein LipL36: downregulation associated with late-log-phase growth and mammalian infection

We report the cloning of the gene encoding a 36-kDa leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein, designated LipL36. We obtained the N-terminal amino acid sequence of a staphylococcal V8 proteolytic-digest fragment in order to design an oligonucleotide probe. A Lambda-Zap II library containing EcoRI fragments of Leptospira kirschneri DNA was screened, and a 2.3-kb DNA fragment which contained the entire structural lipL36 gene was identified. Several lines of evidence indicate that LipL36 is lipid modified in a manner similar to that of LipL41, a leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein we described in a previous study (E. S. Shang, T. A. Summers, and D. A. Haake, Infect. Immun. 64:2322-2330, 1996). The deduced amino acid sequence of LipL36 would constitute a 364-amino-acid polypeptide with a 20-amino-acid signal peptide, followed by an L-X-Y-C lipoprotein signal peptidase cleavage site. LipL36 is solubilized by Triton X-114 extraction of L. kirschneri; phase separation results in partitioning of LipL36 exclusively into the hydrophobic, detergent phase. LipL36 is intrinsically labeled during incubation of L. kirschneri in media containing [3H]palmitate. Processing of LipL36 is inhibited by globomycin, a selective inhibitor of lipoprotein signal peptidase. After processing, LipL36 is exported to the outer membrane along with LipL41 and lipopolysaccharide. Unlike LipL41, there appears to be differential expression of LipL36. In early-log-phase cultures, LipL36 is one of the most abundant L. kirschneri proteins. However, LipL36 levels drop considerably beginning in mid-log phase. LipL36 expression in vivo was evaluated by examining the humoral immune response to leptospiral antigens in the hamster model of leptospirosis. Hamsters surviving challenge with culture-adapted virulent L. kirschneri generate a strong antibody response to LipL36. In contrast, sera from hamsters surviving challenge with host-adapted L. kirschneri do not recognize LipL36. These findings suggest that LipL36 expression is downregulated during mammalian infection, providing a marker for studying the mechanisms by which pathogenic Leptospira species adapt to the host environment.     

Das Verformungsverhalten im Zugversuch des Stahles Ck45 bei tiefen Temperaturen

An glatten und verschieden gekerbten Proben aus Ck45 wurden im Temperaturbereich 100 K ≦ T ≦ 295 K Zugversuche mit konstanter Querhauptgeschwindigkeit durchgeführt, wobei in Abhängigkeit von den Zugkräften sowohl die Probenverlängerungen als auch die Kerbgrunddehnungen bestimmt wurden. Während die aus Nennspannungs, Probenverlängerungs-Diagrammen ermittelten Werkstoffwiderstandsgrößen keine Aussagen zum Deformationsverhalten des Kerbgrundes zulassen, können anhand der Nennspannungs, Kerbgrunddehnungs-Diagramme die temperatur- und formzahlabhängigen Kerbstreckgrenzen beurteilt werden. Unter Berücksichtigung des im Kerbgrund vorliegenden zweiachsigen Spannungszustandes beschreibt bei den gewählten Versuchstemperaturen die Gestaltänderungsenergiehypothese die Abhängigkeit der Kerbstreckgrenze von der Formzahl qualitativ richtig. Die auftretenden Unterschiede zwischen rechnerischer Abschätzung und Experiment werden erörtert. Durch Verformungsmessungen und durch rasterelektronenmikroskopische Bruchflächenuntersuchungen wird nachgewiesen, daß auch den bei Temperaturen von 100 K auftretenden makroskopisch spröden Brüchen der Kerbstäbe merkliche plastische Verformungen vorausgehen. Die Kerbzugfestigkeit nimmt in Abhängigkeit von der Formzahl bei allen Temperaturen zunächst mit der Formzahl zu und fällt nach Erreichen eines Maximalwertes wieder ab.     

Preparation of cell membranes for high resolution imaging by AFM

Studies of cell membrane structure by atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been limited because of the softness of cell membranes. Here, we utilize a new technique of sample preparation to lay red blood cell membranes on the top of a mica surface to obtain high resolution images by in-situ AFM on both sides of cell membranes. Our results indicate that the location of oligosaccharides and proteins in red blood cell membranes might be different from the current membrane model. The inner membrane leaflet is covered by dense proteins with fewer free lipids than expected. In contrast, the outer membrane leaflet is quite smooth; oligosaccharides and peptides supposed to protrude out of the outer membrane leaflet surface might be actually hidden in the middle of hydrophilic lipid heads; transmembrane proteins might form domains in the membranes revealed by PNGase F and trypsin digestion. Our result could be significant to interpret some functions about red blood cell membranes and guide to heal the blood diseases related to cell membranes.     

基于异步粒子群优化算法的图像分割方法

在标准粒子群优化算法的每一次迭代中,粒子都是同时更新,然而在现实世界中(比如鸟群)粒子的更新并不是同时的.模拟现实的鸟群更新,找到一种异步粒子群优化算法.异步粒子群优化算法是将粒子的更新顺序进行改进,在每次迭代中将所有粒子按适应度的优劣排序,从而每个粒子在更新时都能利用到当代群体的信息,所以算法更易于收敛.提出一种基于异步粒子群优化算法的图像分割方法,用异步粒子群优化算法自适应选取图像的分割阈值.实验表明,与基本的粒子群优化算法相比,该算法比较稳定,易于收敛到最优解,分割速度较快.     

Nonlinear computed torque control for a high-speed planar parallel manipulator

A new computed torque (CT)-type controller termed nonlinear CT (NCT) controller is developed and applied to a high-speed planar parallel manipulator. The NCT controller is designed by replacing the linear PD in the conventional CT controller with the nonlinear PD (NPD) algorithm. The stability of the parallel manipulator system with the NCT controller is proven using the Lyapunov theorem, and the proposed controller is further proven to guarantee asymptotic convergence to zero of both tracking error and error rate. The superiority of the proposed NCT controller is verified through the trajectory tracking experiments of an actual high-speed planar parallel manipulator, and the experiment results are compared with the CT controller.     

Calculation of diagonal section and cross-section bending capacity for strengthening RC structure using high-performance ferrocement laminate

Because there is a great demand of reinforcement and retrofitting of aged structures nationwide, as well as the rapid development of innovative building materials, the adoption of strengthening RC structures using new inorganic materials has become possible. High-performance ferrocement laminate (HPFL) is an effective method of strengthening concrete structure. High-performance ferrocement laminate is a new type of inorganic material with the advantages such as high strength, small contraction, good bonding properties, etc. This paper introduces the formula of cross-section bending capacity for strengthening concrete beams with HPEL. A comparative analysis of experimental data, as well as the calculation of diagonal section bearing capacity of concrete members, is given. Translated and revised from Construction Technology, 2008, 37(4): 7–14 [译自: 施工技术]     

服饰流行传播与过程浅析

对服饰流行的3种传播理论即西梅尔的“下滴论”、水平流动论和布伦伯格的下住文化层革新论进行了探讨,并以此为依据分析了服饰流行的进程,将服饰流行按其进程分为4部分：服饰面世,高端采纳,大众传媒推动,掀起流行风潮。在此基础上,指出服饰流行内部机制在当代服饰营销和消费中的实际意义。     

阳极溶出伏安法快速测试陶瓷溶出铅、镉浓度

采用阳极溶出伏安法（ASV）快速测试了目前国际上日用陶瓷的主要卫生指标——溶出铅、镉浓度,并将实际样品测试结果与石墨炉原子吸收法（GF-AAS）进行了比较。结果表明,该方法对溶出铅、镉的检出限分别低于40μg/L和25μg/L,回收率为90％-110％,RSD小于5．0％,能够达到国际陶瓷卫生标准的测试要求。并且该方法与GF-AAS相比,具有仪器价格低、检测快速、简单易用等优点。     

Synthesis,characterization, and flocculation properties of poly(acrylamide‐methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane)

A novel hydrophobically modified and cationic flocculant poly(acrylamide‐methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane) (P(AM‐DMC‐MAPMS)) was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization. The molecular structure of hydrophobically cationic polyacrylamide (HCPAM) was characterized by FTIR and ¹H‐NMR. The effects of DMC and MAPMS feed ratio on intrinsic viscosity and solubility were measured. The effects of hydrophobically cationic flocculants on reactive brilliant red X‐3B solution and kaolin suspension were studied. It was found that the introduction of MAPMS could increase the intrinsic viscosities of P(AM‐DMC‐MAPMS) and enhance the flocculation properties to anionic dye solution and kaolin suspension, but reduced their water‐solubility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009