Overview: For crying out loud--dangers and opportunities of communicating in the public domain.

Communication often extends into the public domain, inviting "eavesdropping" and other forms of exploitation by other species. Conflict is frequently the result, although interspecific communication can be mutually beneficial even when interests conflict fundamentally, such as between predator and prey. However, the most complex communication systems are likely to involve species with mutual rather than with conflicting interests. When interests do conflict, exploitation of the communication systems of others may impose high costs on signalers and select for signals that are less exploitable. Other costs of communication in the public domain arise from "mistakes" (e.g., mating with the wrong species) and select for more species-specific signal structure. The articles in this section illustrate the complexity of interspecific communication and yield important insights into the dynamic nature of communication systems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A new algorithm for performance analysis of communication systems

An algorithm is proposed for generating in order the most likely states of a probabilistic system, thus allowing a more-rapid procedure than previously available for analyzing the performance of communication networks with stochastically failing components. The algorithm improves the algorithm reported by Y. F. Lam and V.O.K. Li (ibid., vol.COM-34, no.5, p.496-7, May 1986), in terms of both storage requirements and execution efficiency     

81／2XHP5—4三牙轮钻头齿孔过盈配合的弹塑性有限元计算

镶齿钻头的齿孔过盈量,以往各钻头生产厂家都是用实验统计的方法来确定的,这种方法受加工及测试等多种因素的影响,而且周期长,代价高。针对这个问题,本文利用有限元法对5型钻头的齿孔过盈配合进行了有限元计算,并详细分析了齿孔周围的应力场分布规律。     

A finite-mesh technique for laser trimming of thin-film resistors

A laser trimming technique in which a finite number of links are cut in a regular mesh of identical-valued resistors is described. The method eliminates long-term resistance drift due to slow annealing in the `heat-affected-zone' adjacent to the laser kerf. It is shown that the precision and resolution can be comparable to those achieved with conventional methods, and that quite wide ranges (up to 4:1) of absolute values can be obtained with small meshes. A computational method for constructing a lookup table of resistor values for different cut patterns is described     

一种LNG卫星站冷能制冰工艺的改进优化

通过分析发现,目前一种新的LNG卫星站冷能制冰工艺(文中工艺流程一)仍存在一些不足:其仅能回收利用LNG高品位冷能,而不能有效回收利用低品位冷能。为此,对该工艺作了进一步改进,在其基础上提出了两套更加节能的LNG卫星站冷能制冰工艺(文中工艺流程二、三),并对其工艺参数作了模拟优化。对于气化量为(2~10)×10~4 m~3/d的小型LNG卫星站,在给定的几种工况下,通过Aspen软件模拟计算,并对比分析发现,改进优化后的工艺流程二、三较工艺流程一,压缩机能耗最高分别降低了26.51%、28.75%;在制冰经济效益上,日收益额最少可分别高出107元、119元,最高可达307元、489元,年收益额则最多可分别高出11.2万元、17.8万元;此外,在设备初投资及运行维护费用上,工艺流程三较工艺流程二更经济。由此可见,在LNG冷能制冰上,改进优化后的两套新工艺较改进前的工艺更具经济优势,且随着气化量的增大,其优势越来越明显,其中工艺流程三优势更突出,更适合LNG卫星站冷能制冰项目。     

Domestic space-heating and solar energy in Ireland

Five systems which use solar energy to heat houses are discussed and evaluated for thermal performance and cost-effectiveness by the use of a computer simulation model based on a typical Irish house. It is shown that such systems are currently unviable when compared with systems using oil, gas and off-peak electricity. the most economic solar system is that which uses rock as storage medium. Further, it is demonstrated that thermal performance is relatively insensitive to changes in storage volume.     

PRAAGE88: An interactive IBM-PC code for aging analysis of NUREG-1150 systems

The effects of time dependent failure rates caused by the aging of components are becoming increasingly important in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and reliability analyses of nuclear power plant systems. In the NRC Nuclear Plant Aging Research (NPAR) program, the effects of aging in nuclear systems are being evaluated through the use of time varying failure rates that are determined as a function of the age of the system. These analyses involve complex systems and include various sensitivity studies; thus, the PRAAGE88 computer code was developed to facilitate these calculations. PRAAGE88 is an IBM PC based code that computes system unavailability, component unavailability, and various importance measures for use in evaluating the effect of aging on reactor systems. This paper describes the methodology utilized in the code, its capabilities and areas of application.     

腐蚀钢质烟囱极限倾斜度计算与风振分析

蜀南气矿净化厂尾气烟囱为内砌耐火砖的钢质烟囱,在长期使用过程中,已经严重腐蚀和老化,现已采取了玻璃钢加固和定时检测烟囱倾斜度,但烟囱是否可靠仍然不确定。针对加固后烟囱进行了大量的计算机模拟和有限元计算,确定了该烟囱的极限倾斜度和烟囱的固有频率。通过烟囱频率、风振频率和雷诺数三方面,研究了烟囱的振动问题,确定了烟囱与风共振区域和振动原因,提出了增强烟囱刚度和减轻烟囱振动的具体措施。     

Evaluation of the Boost ‘em in the Back Seat Program: Using fear and efficacy to increase booster seat use

Objectives

Recent research supports the use of high-threat messages when they are targeted appropriately and designed to promote high efficacy as well as fear. This research examined the effectiveness of using a novel threat-appeal approach to encourage parents to place their children in booster seats and rear seats of vehicles.

Method

A 6-min video-intervention was created and evaluated at after-school/daycare centers via an interrupted time series design with similar control sites for comparison. Caregivers (N = 226) completed knowledge and practice surveys and fear and efficacy estimations related to childhood motor vehicle hazards. Researchers observed booster-seat and rear-seat use in study site parking lots.

Results

Compared to baseline and control assessments, the treatment groups’ child passenger safety knowledge, risk-reduction attitudes, behavioral intentions, sense of fear related to the hazard, and sense of efficacy related to the recommended behaviors increased significantly. Further, observed overall restraint use and booster-seat use increased significantly following the intervention.

Conclusions

Applying high-threat messages to child passenger safety interventions is promising and has the potential to be adapted to other health risk areas.     

Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the fumonisin C and P series of mycotoxins from Fusarium spp. fungi

Fumonisin C (FC) and P (FP) are two recently identified series of sphingosine-analog mycotoxins, for which biological activities have not previously been reported. FC1, FC2 and OH-FC1 (1 microM) exhibited strong phytotoxicity comparable to the standard FB1 in duckweed (Lemna pausicotata L.) cultures, whereas FC3 and FC4 were moderately phytotoxic. Conversely, FP1 exhibited weak phytotoxicity only at higher concentrations (> or =10 microM). These mycotoxins exhibited a similar pattern of cytotoxicity with FB1-sensitive cultured mammalian cell lines, H4TG and MDCK.