LiF enhanced nucleation of the low temperature microcrystalline silicon prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition

A 15-nm lithium fluoride (LiF) thin film evaporated on glass substrate is shown to enhance the nucleation of microcrystalline Si grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition at the amorphous/microcrystalline boundary conditions. The effect is more pronounced at low substrate temperatures, nucleation density being 10 times higher at ∼ 80 °C. The effect is ascribed to the ionic chemical nature of LiF, the low work function material used in organic electronic devices, and we propose its use for micro patterning crystalline Si regions in otherwise amorphous Si film.     

Stabilization of oscillating modes in a LiNdP4O12laser

Suppression of mode competition in a LiNdP4O12(LNP) laser is reported. The stabilization of the oscillating modes was achieved with a quartz quarter-wave plate placed within an optical resonator without any external modulation.     

Thermal deformation measurement of the solder joints in electronic packages using electron moiré method

In this paper, electron moiré method is used to measure the thermal deformation of electronic packages. In order to observe the electron moiré fringe, a holographic grid was replicated on the cross section of the BGA type package at 150°C. This grid was fabricated on a glass plate using a moving point holographic system, and was replicated to measured area at high temperature. Under SEM, the holographic grid(specimen grid) and a programmed electron beam scan(master grid) interfere and form electron moiré patterns. The shear strain measurement technique using electron moiré method is described. Using the electron moiré method, the shear strains in the different solder joints were measured and analysed. Some useful results were obtained.     

Particle arrangement and its application

The method by which micrometer-sized particles are arranged, is described. An electrified pattern is drawn on a polished insulating substrate using a SEM with a CAD facility. The substrate is dipped in a suspension of particles. The particles adhere to the substrate and form the pattern corresponding to the electrified pattern by the electrostatic force. The arranged particles are fixed by coating with a fluoride polymer of thin film. The method is applicable to the production of an inflammable gas sensor.     

Electrical conductivity of metastable κ-CeZrO4 phase possessing ordered arrangement of Ce and Zr ions

Electrical conductivity σ_t of metastable κ-CeZrO₄ possessing ordered arrangement of Ce and Zr ions in a manner similar to a pyrochlore-type was measured as a function of temperature and time, and compared with tetragonal metastable t′-(Ce_0.5Zr_0.5)O₂ and t′_meta-(Ce_0.5Zr_0.5)O₂ phases possessing random arrangement of the cations. The κ disk was prepared by reoxidizing a pyrochlore-type precursor in O₂ gas at 873 K. The σ_t as measured for the κ-CeZrO₄ was reproducible as a function of temperatures between 957 and 1190 K. At increasing temperatures above 1233 K, the σ_t decreased gradually with time due to the phase transition: κ→t′, and became consistent with the t′. Although the κ-CeZrO₄ phase is thermodynamically less stable than the t′-(Ce_0.5Zr_0.5)O₂, it was virtually stable up to around 1233 K. It was found from the change in the σ_t due to the phase transition that the σ_t for the metastable κ-CeZrO₄ was an order of magnitude higher than that for the t′ and was similar to that for the t′_meta. It was previously reported that a phase transition, t′_meta→t′, occurred above 1143 K. The phase transition, κ→t′, accompanied by redistribution of the cations appeared to occur at higher temperatures than that for t′_meta→t′ leaving random cation arrangement.     

Papillary eccrine adenoma: immunohistochemical studies of keratin expression

Despite various studies, there are serious disagreements about the cellular differentiation of papillary eccrine adenoma. In the present study, 2 specimens of papillary eccrine adenoma were analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against keratins, to elucidate its differentiation. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of multiple tubular structures lined by two or more layers of epithelial cells. The luminal cells of the tubules were flattened or cuboidal. The former were noted in large dilated tubules. The latter were usually observed in small-to-moderate-sized tubules, and formed intraluminal papillary projections in some tubules. Immunohistochemically, there were two kinds of cuboidal cells in the luminal layers of the tubules. Most of the large dilated tubules and some of the small-to-moderate-sized tubules expressed immunophenotypes similar to those of the eccrine dermal duct. The other tubular structures, including the small tubules resembling those of syringoma, expressed immunophenotypes similar to those of the transitional portions between the dermal ducts and the secretory segments of eccrine glands. From the above comparative studies, papillary eccrine adenoma is considered to differentiate towards the dermal duct and the transitional portions between the dermal ducts and the secretory segments of eccrine glands.     

Local electrical modification of a conductivity-switching polyimide film formed by molecular layer deposition

The electrical modification of a conductivity-switching polyimide film via molecular layer deposition (MLD) is studied for ultrahigh density data storage based on a scanning probe microscope (SPM). A PMDA-ODA (PMDA = 1, 2, 3, 5-benzenetetracarboxylic anhydride, ODA = 4, 4-oxydianiline) film as a recording medium is uniformly formed from a self-assembled monolayer on a Au surface by MLD. It is demonstrated that the conductivity of the film can be changed by applying a voltage between a SPM probe and the film. This conductivity-switching phenomenon is discussed by the molecular orbital approach and considered to be caused by the charge transfer effect or carrier trapping effect of PMDA-ODA.     

Heat transfer of tubes closely spaced in an in-line bankTransfert thermique de tubes serres dans un reseau en ligneWärmeübergang in einem fluchtenden rohrbündelTeплoпepeнoc oт тpyб в кopидopнoм лyKhcyкe

An experimental investigation of heat transfer around four cylinders closely spaced in a cross-flow of air has been conducted. The cylinders are settled in tandem with equal distances between centers. Their inline pitch ratio is in the range of $\text{1.15 ≤}\text{c}\text{d ≤ 3.4}$ (c = distance between cylinders' centers, d = cylinder diameter); the Reynolds number ranges from 10⁴ to 5 × 10⁴. It is found that there exists a critical Reynolds number Red_c at which the heat transfer behavior changes drastically, and is correlated with the in-line pitch ratio by $\text{Red}{}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{= 1.14 × 10}{}^5\text{(}\text{c}\text{d)}{}^{\mathrm{?5.84}}$.Variations of characteristic features of the mean and local Nusselt numbers are discussed in relation to the length of the vortex formation region behind the cylinder.