吐温和十二烷基硫酸钠复配修饰制备纳米铜研究

在一定温度的水溶液中,以硫酸铜为前驱体,抗坏皿酸（Vc）为还原剂,加入适量修饰剂,合成粒径和形貌可控的纯铜纳米粒子,并通过XRD射线衍射,扫描探针显微镜等检测手段对产品进行了表征。结果表明,修饰剂的加入对粒径大小、分布、形貌和晶型结构影响显著;制备的纳米铜颗粒为具有立方品型结构的球型颗粒,分散性较好,尺寸较为均匀,约为60～80nm。纳米铜颗粒表面形成了较薄的有机物质包覆层,它有效阻止了纳米铜粉在空气和水中的氧化和团聚,提高了纳米铜颗粒的分散性和稳定性。     

氢氧化镁改性硅藻土对阴离子染料的吸附性能研究

对硅藻土进行氢氧化镁改性以提高它对印染废水中染料的吸附性能.采用原位沉淀法由MgCl2及NaOH在硅藻土上制备了氢氧化镁,并用SEM、XRD对改性材料进行了表征;用分光光度法研究了它对阴离子染料的吸附性能.结果显示:改性硅藻土的染料吸附能力比原硅藻土及氢氧化镁都高;染料的吸附等温线采用Langmuir及Freundlich模型拟合,结果表明改性硅藻土对染料的吸附更符合Freundlich模型.     

Effect of the composition of α-MSAN copolymer on the miscibility of PVC/α-MSAN blends

A series of α-methylstyrene, styrene, and acrylonitrile (α-MSAN) copolymers with different acrylonitrile (AN) contents were synthesized by altering α-MSt, St, and AN ratios with emulsion copolymerization method. By melt-blending these copolymers with PVC resin and di-isooctyl phthalate (DOP), PVC/α-MSAN, and PVC/α-MSAN/DOP blends were prepared. The miscibility and morphology of the blends were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy. The PVC is immiscible with SAN by melt-mixing, whereas PVC is miscible with α-MSAN (α-MSt/St = 1/1) if AN weight percent is within the window range of 20–25 wt %, and α-MSAN (not containing St) with 35 wt % AN is miscible with PVC even when they are blended by melt-mixing. Replacement of styrene with α-methylstyrene widens the miscibility window with PVC. The miscibility of PVC/α-MSAN blends is substantially improved with the increasing α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer containing identical AN content. When DOP was introduced into the PVC/α-MSAN (α-MSt/St = 1/1) blends, a single tan δ peak over room temperature in DMA detection is found as AN content in α-MSAN copolymer is within the range of 15–25 wt %, and SEM observation also shows that the blends are homogeneous. When the AN content in α-MSAN copolymer is over 35 wt %, the presence of DOP causes the phase domain extended. The phase domain size of the PVC/α-MSAN/DOP blends intensively depends on AN content in α-MSAN copolymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

沥青中氮元素在热转化前后的变化

以煤焦油为原料．经蒸馏、萃取得到精制沥青,用不同溶剂将沥青进行族组成的分离。各族组成加热到480℃,恒温转化5h,得到不同的炭化产物,测定沥青、族组成及炭化产物中氮的含量,利用红外谱图分析热转化前后的氮元素分布。     

切削制备纳米材料过程的应变与温度预测

大应变切削是制备纳米材料的一种新方法.切削过程中的应变和温度是影响晶粒细化程度的两个重要参数.在DEFORM软件环境下,建立铝合金6061切削过程的有限元模型,通过切削过程的有限元仿真,研究刀具的切削角度、切削用量对大应变切削过程中的材料应变、切削温度的影响规律.研究表明:影响剪切应变的主要因素是刀具前角,前角越小,对应的剪切应变越大;大应变主要集中在剪切区域,即第一变形区;影响切削温度的主要因素是切削速度,在切削速度较低时,切削温度上升速度缓慢,将切削速度由目前20 mm/s提高到100 mm/s,仍然可以使切削温度控制在铝合金6061动态再结晶温度之下,可以大幅度提高制备纳米材料的效率.     

聚丙烯酰胺/硅藻土复合材料处理染料废水

通过自制阴离子聚丙烯酰胺HPAM对硅藻土矿物改性制备一种有机无机复合吸附剂材料,采用SEM及FTIR技术对复合材料进行表征,并对3种模拟染料废水及2种真实印染污水进行脱色性能研究。结果显示,改性时较佳的HPAM用量在0.8%(质量分数)左右,复合后HPMA高聚物在硅藻土表面大孔内壁形成牙状絮体;通过与未改性硅藻土及颗粒活性炭对上述几种染料废水的处理效果对比,HPMA改性硅藻土复合材料对阳离子染料废水和真实印染废水均具有较高的脱色率。     

循环高热温度下PMC材料的使用寿命预测

通过引入温度对水泥基材料力学性能的影响,修正了水泥基材料使用寿命的计算模型,从而得到普通水泥基材料、原有灌浆材料和聚合物水泥基(PMC)材料使用寿命和实际使用温度之间的关系,同时通过室内模拟试验和工程现场的实际情况对计算结果进行了验证。     

提高小钢包自动开浇率

对影响小吨位钢包钢水自动开浇率的因素进行分析,并结合安钢的实际情况,通过提高引流砂质量,改进座砖、上水口的结构,减少钢水待浇时间,修改转炉出钢口角度等措施,使二炼钢厂钢包自动开浇率达到77.36%.     

Ratiometric Detection of Glutathione Based on Disulfide Linkage Rupture between a FRET Coumarin Donor and a Rhodamine Acceptor

Abnormal levels of glutathione, a cellular antioxidant, can lead to a variety of diseases. We have constructed a near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe to detect glutathione concentrations in biological samples. The probe consists of a coumarin donor, which is connected through a disulfide-tethered linker to a rhodamine acceptor. Under the excitation of the coumarin donor at 405 nm, the probe shows weak visible fluorescence of the coumarin donor at 470 nm and strong near-infrared fluorescence of the rhodamine acceptor at 652 nm due to efficient Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the donor to the acceptor. Glutathione breaks the disulfide bond through reduction, which results in a dramatic increase in coumarin fluorescence and a corresponding decrease in rhodamine fluorescence. The probe possesses excellent cell permeability, biocompatibility, and good ratiometric fluorescence responses to glutathione and cysteine with a self-calibration capability. The probe was utilized to ratiometrically visualize glutathione concentration alterations in HeLa cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae.     

Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Salt-Responsive Calmodulin-Like Gene MpCML40 from Semi-Mangrove Millettia pinnata

Salt stress is a major increasing threat to global agriculture. Pongamia (Millettia pinnata), a semi-mangrove, is a good model to study the molecular mechanism of plant adaptation to the saline environment. Calcium signaling pathways play critical roles in the model plants such as Arabidopsis in responding to salt stress, but little is known about their function in Pongamia. Here, we have isolated and characterized a salt-responsive MpCML40, a calmodulin-like (CML) gene from Pongamia. MpCML40 protein has 140 amino acids and is homologous with Arabidopsis AtCML40. MpCML40 contains four EF-hand motifs and a bipartite NLS (Nuclear Localization Signal) and localizes both at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus. MpCML40 was highly induced after salt treatment, especially in Pongamia roots. Heterologous expression of MpCML40 in yeast cells improved their salt tolerance. The 35S::MpCML40 transgenic Arabidopsis highly enhanced seed germination rate and root length under salt and osmotic stresses. The transgenic plants had a higher level of proline and a lower level of MDA (malondialdehyde) under normal and stress conditions, which suggested that heterologous expression of MpCML40 contributed to proline accumulation to improve salt tolerance and protect plants from the ROS (reactive oxygen species) destructive effects. Furthermore, we did not observe any measurable discrepancies in the development and growth between the transgenic plants and wild-type plants under normal growth conditions. Our results suggest that MpCML40 is an important positive regulator in response to salt stress and of potential application in producing salt-tolerant crops.