小麦溶剂保持力及其在品质改良中的应用

溶剂保持力(SRC)是软质小麦品种品质评价的重要指标.就国内外关于SRC的测定方法、SRC与小麦品质性状间的关系以及基因型和环境及其互作对SRC的影响等方面的研究进行了综述,并根据小麦品种问SRC的遗传差异特性,讨论了SRC在小麦品质改良中的应用,以期为SRC的分子标记及低SRC小麦新品种的选育提供参考.     

上海地区雷电流幅值分布特征分析

雷电流幅值及其特性是雷电科学研究以及输电线路防雷设计的重要基础数据.利用雷电定位系统监测获取的上海地区2001-2010年地闪落雷电流幅值数据,统计分析了上海市整体区域以及崇明县(含长兴),宝山区、嘉定区、浦东新区、市区、青浦区、闵行区、南汇区、松江区、奉贤区和金山区共11个子区域的正极性、负极性及综合雷电流幅值的累积概率分布和均值分布变化规律.在此基础上,给出了上海市整体区域以及各子区域2001-2010年落雷电流的幅值概率密度计算公式,为上海地区输电线路防雷差异化设计、改造和评估提供科学依据.     

Occurrence of thyroid hormone activities in drinking water from eastern China: contributions of phthalate esters

Thyroid hormone is essential for the development of humans. However, some synthetic chemicals with thyroid disrupting potentials are detectable in drinking water. This study investigated the presence of thyroid active chemicals and their toxicity potential in drinking water from five cities in eastern China by use of an in vitro CV-1 cell-based reporter gene assay. Waters were examined from several phases of drinking water processing, including source water, finished water from waterworks, tap water, and boiled tap water. To identify the responsible compounds, concentrations and toxic equivalents of a list of phthalate esters were quantitatively determined. None of the extracts exhibited thyroid receptor (TR) agonist activity. Most of the water samples exhibited TR antagonistic activities. None of the boiled water displayed the TR antagonistic activity. Dibutyl phthalate accounted for 84.0-98.1% of the antagonist equivalents in water sources, while diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate also contributed. Approximately 90% of phthalate esters and TR antagonistic activities were removable by waterworks treatment processes, including filtration, coagulation, aerobic biodegradation, chlorination, and ozonation. Boiling water effectively removed phthalate esters from tap water. Thus, this process was recommended to local residents to reduce certain potential thyroid related risks through drinking water.     

Comparative analysis of phytochemicals and polar metabolites from colored sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) tubers

Food Science and Biotechnology - We determined the phytochemical diversity, including carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids, in sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) with...     

Development of a Quantitative Multi-Mycotoxin Method in Rice, Maize, Wheat and Peanut Using UPLC-MS/MS

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, such as Fusarium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus, which are toxic to humans with high risk factors and pose a significant threat to human health. This study was focused mostly on well-known mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins (AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁ and AFG₂), fumonisin (FB₁, FB₂), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON), ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2, in grains. The multi-mycotoxin methods developed in this study utilise an analysis of mycotoxin through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which can significantly improve sample analysis efficiency. The Myco6in1? immunoaffinity column was used for purification to reduce interference from the substrate. Gradient separation to obtain the best peak shift was conducted using solvent with 0.1 % formic acid in deionised water and methanol, and gradient separation was performed on an ACQUITY BEH C18 column chromatograph. The recovery rate test for each toxin using substrates such as rice, peanut, wheat and maize mostly indicated good average recovery rates between 70 % and 120 % and the coefficient of variation mostly under 15 %. The limits of quantification (LOQ) identified by this method are less than 5 ng/g in most toxins, except for 20 ng/g in FB₁and FB₂. This method can rapidly and simultaneously analyse 11 mycotoxins in 9 min. It can be applied for the practical examination of mycotoxins in food to protect public health.     

Ethyl carbamate formation regulated by ornithine transcarbamylase and urea metabolism in the processing of Chinese yellow rice wine

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a potential carcinogenic compound present in most of the fermented foods. In this work, EC was inhibited through different strategies during vinification of Chinese yellow rice wine. EC can be inhibited by the use of ornithine in contrast to the control at peak point. However, the utilisation of urease resulted in little inhibitive effect on EC. The comparative data of intracellular ornithine transcarbamylase (OTCase) and arginine deiminase (ADI) among four experiments showed that EC was positively regulated by intracellular OTCase, but ADI was not determined. Extracellular urea and citrulline content was significantly increased by adding ornithine (P < 0.05), whereas ethanol played a minor role in EC formation. The correlation analysis between EC and OTCase or urea revealed a linear association (correlation coefficients above 0.8). These findings suggested that OTCase may be a required factor regulating EC formation during the brewing of Chinese yellow rice wine.     

粘红酵母苯丙氨酸解氨酶合成条件优化

首先利用Plackett-Burman设计及最陡爬坡试验对在摇瓶中对粘红酵母合成苯丙氨酸解氨酶的培养基和培养条件进行优化筛选,然后通过单因子试验确定最适诱导物。在此基础上,进行发酵罐葡萄糖浓度、产酶pH值以及诱导物添加时间的优化。结果显示优化的发酵培养条件为葡萄糖1g/L,蛋白胨35g/L,NaCl 5g/L,KH2PO4 0.25g/L,（NH4）2HPO4 1.5g/L;接种量4%;初始pH值为5;控制产酶pH值为7;诱导物为L-苯丙氨酸,分别在发酵8h和26h时添加;在上述优化条件下,最高比酶活为40.85U/g,比未优化前提高了7.3倍。     

醋酸杆菌A.pasteurianus SP001冷冻干燥工艺研究

文章介绍了醋酸菌菌种真空冷冻干燥的方法,通过测定冷冻干燥后菌种的产酸特性和活菌数,初步确定了醋酸菌菌种冷冻干燥的保护剂种类和预冻温度。当预冻温度为-60℃、保护剂为10%的葡萄糖和2%的海藻糖溶液时,活菌数为680 CFU/mL,最大产酸量为2.861 g/dL,均为最大值,因此试验表明10%的葡萄糖和2%的海藻糖溶液为较适宜的保护剂,最佳的预冻温度为-60℃。     

羧甲基壳聚糖在草莓保鲜中的应用效果研究

羧甲基壳聚糖是壳聚糖的一种水溶性衍生物,具有良好的成膜性、抗菌性。以不同含量的水溶性羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCTS)溶液,对草莓进行涂膜保鲜处理,考察在低温贮藏条件下草莓果实的失重率、可溶性固形物、总酸和VC的变化。结果表明,1.5%CMCTS溶液在4℃、湿度70%~80%条件下可有效降低草莓果实的失重率,并能有效保持可溶性固形物、总酸和VC的含量,有效改善和提高草莓的贮藏保鲜品质,在一定程度上延长草莓的货架期,且各项保鲜指标优于壳聚糖保鲜。     

Cyanidin-3-glucoside ameliorates CCl4-induced liver injury in mice

The protective effect of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver injury in mice was investigated. Administration of C3G attenuated the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and liver lipid peroxidation in CCl₄-treated mice. Histopathological examination of mouse livers showed that C3G reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by CCl₄. Moreover, C3G prevented DNA damage and decreased the protein levels of γ-H2AX in CCl₄-treated mouse livers. C3G also increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, which were decreased due to CCl₄ administration in CCl₄-treated mouse livers. C3G inhibited the expression levels of IL-6 and iNOS in CCl₄-treated mice. C3G apparently protects the liver from CCl₄-induced hepatic damage through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.