On a pattern recognition method based on polynomial regression

Consideration is given to theoretical bases and aspects of the practical application of a method of pattern recognition of printed and hand-printed symbols, which relies on the polynomial regression. Characteristics are described of the quality of the program implementation of the method, which are defined on the bases of graphic patterns of symbols with known bounds. The correlation is made with characteristics of the known symbol recognition algorithms, such as neural networks and an algorithm of the comparison with reference patterns.     

Quantum Phase Transitions and Finite Size Effects in Frustrated Two-Leg Spin Ladders

We studied the ground state properties of frustrated two-leg ladders in the framework of Heisenberg model. We considered the models of these ladders with all site spins s = 1/2 and the models with different values of spins on neighbor rungs. We found a quantum phase transition mediated by the value of the interactions between the neighbor rungs. For finite-size fragments, we also found a strong dependence of the ground state spin ordering on the size of these fragments. The region of model parameters which is characterized by such strong dependence was established numerically.

     

Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Turnover during Chronic Muscle Disuse

Periods of muscle disuse promote marked mitochondrial alterations that contribute to the impaired metabolic health and degree of atrophy in the muscle. Thus, understanding the molecular underpinnings of muscle mitochondrial decline with prolonged inactivity is of considerable interest. There are translational applications to patients subjected to limb immobilization following injury, illness-induced bed rest, neuropathies, and even microgravity. Studies in these patients, as well as on various pre-clinical rodent models have elucidated the pathways involved in mitochondrial quality control, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fission and fusion, and the corresponding mitochondrial derangements that underlie the muscle atrophy that ensues from inactivity. Defective organelles display altered respiratory function concurrent with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which exacerbate myofiber atrophy via degradative pathways. The preservation of muscle quality and function is critical for maintaining mobility throughout the lifespan, and for the prevention of inactivity-related diseases. Exercise training is effective in preserving muscle mass by promoting favourable mitochondrial adaptations that offset the mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to the declines in muscle and whole-body metabolic health. This highlights the need for further investigation of the mechanisms in which mitochondria contribute to disuse-induced atrophy, as well as the specific molecular targets that can be exploited therapeutically.