Curupira tefeensis (Olacaceae) — A Rich Source of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids

The fatty acid composition of the seed oil of Curupira tefeensis was analysed by capillary GC of their methyl esters. The gaschromatographic assignments were ensured by corresponding mass spectra. The oil is composed to more than 62% of very long chain fatty acids (>C18). Erucic acid is found to be the main component (35%). The position of the double bonds of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAME) was verified after derivatization with dimethyl disulfide and subsequent GC/MS analysis. All identified MUFAME belong to the (n-9-)type. The UV-spectroscopical data show that approx. 1.2% conjugated acetylenic fatty acids occur in the oil. Furthermore IR- and NMR-spectroscopical investigations and the basic analyses of the seed were carried out.     

Study of heat transfer through layers of casting flux: experiments with a laboratory set-up simulating the conditions in continuous casting

The heat transfer through layers of casting flux has been studied with a laboratory set-up which consists of a water-cooled heat flux probe made of copper and an electrically heated steel plate with a trough to hold the flux sample. The measured heat flux density values were converted to system conductivities k_sys which contain the radiation/conduction conductivity in the flux layer and the contact resistance at the probe side. It was found that k_sys is almost independent from the layer thickness. Ten commercial casting fluxes were investigated and the data for k_sys are given as functions of composition and strand surface temperature.     

Laboratory study of heat transfer through thin layers of casting slag: minimization of the slag/probe contact resistance

The heat flux densities through thin layers of casting slag have been measured with a soft cooling heat flux probe which made smooth probe/slag interfaces. Thus the contact resistance was avoided. The evaluated effective thermal conductivities were applied, together with the data on the contact resistance, to compute the “system conductivities” existing in the continuous casting “system” water cooled copper/slag/strand. The refractive index and absorption spectrum were measured and used to deduce functions for the radiative and conductive (phonon) conductivities. Although precise values could not be obtained, due to the many assumptions involved, the data indicate that the conductive conductivity does not change drastically at high temperatures and on melting.     

Electrocombustion of humic acid and removal of algae from aqueous solutions

This paper reports experiments involving the electrochemical combustion of humic acid (HA) and removal of algae from pond water. An electrochemical flow reactor with a boron-doped diamond film anode was used and constant current experiments were conducted in batch recirculation mode. The mass transfer characteristics of the electrochemical device were determined by voltammetric experiments in the potential region of water stability, followed by a controlled current experiment in the potential region of oxygen evolution. The average mass transfer coefficient was 5.2 × 10⁻⁵ m s⁻¹. The pond water was then processed to remove HA and algae in the conditions in which the reaction combustion occurred under mass transfer control. To this end, the mass transfer coefficient was used to estimate the initial limiting current density applied in the electrolytic experiments. As expected, all the parameters analyzed here—solution absorbance at 270 nm, total phenol concentration and total organic carbon concentration—decayed according to first-order kinetics. Since the diamond film anode successfully incinerated organic matter, the electrochemical system proved to be predictable and programmable.     

Correction on: Laboratory study of heat transfer through thin layers of casting slag: minimization of the slag/probe contact resistance

The heat flux densities through thin layers of casting slag have been measured with a soft cooling heat flux probe which made smooth probe/slag interfaces. Thus the contact resistance was avoided. The evaluated effective thermal conductivities were applied, together with the data on the contact resistance, to compute the “system conductivities” existing in the continuous casting “system” water cooled copper/slag/strand. The refractive index and absorption spectrum were measured and used to deduce functions for the radiative and conductive (phonon) conductivities. Although precise values could not be obtained, due to the many assumptions involved, the data indicate that the conductive conductivity does not change drastically at high temperatures and on melting.     

Body condition at parturition and postpartum weight gain influence luteal activity and concentrations of glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids in plasma of primiparous beef cows

Effects of body condition score (BCS) at parturition and postpartum weight gain on luteal activity and concentrations of glucose, insulin, and NEFA in plasma were evaluated during the breeding season in 242 primiparous beef cows over 3 yr (Y) at three locations (L). At approximately 90 d prepartum, cows were blocked by breed, expected calving date, and BCS and randomly assigned to diets so that cows would calve in BCS of 4, 5, or 6. At calving, cows were blocked by breed, calving date, and BCS and randomly allotted to gain .45 (M) or .90 (H) kg/d, from parturition to the start of breeding (postpartum nutrition; PPN). During the 60-d breeding season, weekly blood samples were obtained from cows, and progesterone, insulin, glucose, and NEFA were quantified. Progesterone concentrations greater than 1 ng/mL for more than 1 wk indicated luteal activity. To determine the possible value of blood constituents as predictors of luteal activity, categorical data analyses were performed. Cows with greater BCS at parturition had greater concentrations of glucose during breeding (P < .07). Similarly, PPN influenced glucose at the beginning of breeding, but the differences were minimal after d 28 (PPN x day; P <.001). Cows with greater BCS at parturition and M-PPN had greater concentrations of insulin during the breeding season (BCS x PPN; P < .02). Cows with a BCS of 6 at parturition had the lowest concentrations of NEFA; however, cows on H-PPN had greater concentrations of NEFA (BCS x PPN; P < .03). Location, BCS, PPN, and day affected luteal activity (P < .002). Location differences in luteal activity were associated with the interval from calving to the start of breeding. In general, a greater percentage of cows with BCS of 5 or 6 at calving had luteal activity by the end of the breeding season. Concentrations of metabolites in blood during breeding were not predictive of luteal activity. We conclude that BCS at parturition and postpartum nutrition influence concentrations of glucose, insulin, and NEFA in blood and the onset of luteal activity in primiparous beef cows.     

Flow fields in electromagnetic stirring of rectangular strands with linear inductors: Part II. computation of flow fields in billets, blooms, and slabs of steel

The model presented in Part I of this series of papers is used to compute flow velocities in the longitudinal stirring of steel blooms and billets, and in the horizontal stirring of steel slabs. In longitudinal stirring of blooms and billets the reverse flow is on the side of the strand opposite to the inductor. The effects of penetration depth of the electromagnetic force, of the force itself, of the length of the stirrer, and of the width of the liquid core were determined. In horizontal stirring of slabs the reverse flow takes place outside of the stirrer region, forming the so-called butterfly stirring pattern. The characteristics of this flow field depend to a considerable extent on the width of the stirrer. The effects of stirrer width, of thickness of the liquid core, of force and of width of the slab were elucidated. The maximum velocities in both types of stirring are represented as simple formulae. Formerly with Institut für Allgemeine Metallurgie, Technische Universit?t Clausthal     

Rotational electromagnetic stirring in continuous casting of round strands

A model is presented to compute the three-dimensional flow field in rotational electromagnetic stirring of round strands. The model involves the solution of the Maxwell equations, the Navier-Stokes equations, and the transport equations for the turbulence characteristicsk andε. For the limiting case of one-dimensional stirring, the computations were checked with experiments using mercury as the fluid. Several sets of computations were carried out to determine the influence of stirrer position, stirrer length, and electromagnetic parameters on the flow field in continuous casting of steel strands.     

DSM-III and the politics–science dichotomy syndrome: A response to Thomas E. Schacht's "DSM-III and the politics of truth."

Contends that T. E. Schacht's (see record 1986-11891-001) definition of politics is so broad in his discussion of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), science, and politics that no one could deny that there are political dimensions of scientific activities. Employing Schacht's definition, the present author presents other political elements in DSM-III to demonstrate that, as chairperson of the DSM-III task force, he did not suffer from the politics–science dichotomy syndrome. It is suggested that for Schacht the acknowledgment of politics is the end of the analysis, while it should be the beginning. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)