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131.
This paper1 considers a single product and a single stocking location production/inventory control problem given a non-stationary stochastic
demand. Under a widely-used control policy for this type of inventory system, the objective is to find the optimal number
of replenishments, their timings and their respective order-up-to-levels that meet customer demands to a required service
level. We extend a known CP approach for this problem using three cost-based filtering methods. Our approach can solve to
optimality instances of realistic size much more efficiently than previous approaches, often with no search effort at all.
This work was supported by Science Foundation Ireland under Grant No. 03/CE3/I405 as part of the Centre for Telecommunications
Value-Chain-Driven Research (CTVR) and Grant No. 00/PI.1/C075.
1This paper is an extended version of [19]. 相似文献
132.
Avinash Unnikrishnan Varunraj Valsaraj Steven Travis Waller 《Networks and Spatial Economics》2009,9(4):525-550
The focus of this work is to determine the optimal storage capacity to be installed on transhipment nodes by shippers in a
dynamic shipper carrier network under stochastic demand. A two stage linear program with recourse formulation is developed
where in the first stage, the shipper decides the optimal capacity to be installed on transhipment nodes. In the second stage,
the shipper chooses a routing strategy based on the realized demand. The performance of the following solution methods: Stochastic
L Shaped Method, Regularized Decomposition and L Shaped Method with preliminary cuts were compared for various network sizes
and numerous demand scenarios. A novel capacity shifting heuristic was introduced to generate a feasible implementable solution
which significantly improves the performance of Regularized Decomposition and provides the best performance in the cases tested.
Various ways of generating analytical bounds on the objective function value was discussed. The new capacity shifting heuristic
was found to be efficient in generating tight upper bounds. Even though the formulation considered in this paper is for a
single commodity, the model can be easily extended to account for multiple commodities. 相似文献
133.
This paper presents a referential scheme for representing and identifying the spatial extent of physical entities of constructed facilities, such as buildings and offshore structures. Using the basic operations of a non-manifold geometric modeler, a set of high-level algebraic operations is defined. The scheme and its algebra are used for modeling the spatial attributes of a facility entity at two levels: primary and secondary. The primary representation uniquely captures an entity's spatial attributes at the skeletal level and is used mainly for identifying discipline-independent topological relationships of that entity with others. Secondary representations, on the other hand, are used to provide an entity's discipline-specific geometric attributes. The topological relationships and geometric attributes of facility entities thus need not be explicitly stored, but can be computed on demand by the underlying non-manifold modeler. 相似文献
134.
Wolfgang Schwack Steven Nyanzi 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1994,198(1):3-7
The application of second-derivative UV-spectroscopy offers a highly sensitive and selective method for the determination of CS2 and COS, as acid hydrolysis products of dithiocarbamate und thiuram disulphide fungicides, using a methanolic amine absorption reagent (ethylenediamine, piperidine). With standard concentrations of 0.08–1.1 g CS2/ml and 0.3 to 2.0 g COS/ml, respectively, calibration curves with good correlation coefficients (r>0.999) were obtained. In comparison to the official method of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG method S15) the proposed alternative is at least 100 times more sensitive to CS2. Using the second derivative method it is possible not only to clearly differentiate between CS2 and COS but also to quantify both gases without resorting to tedious background corrections as compared to the direct photometric methods. Additionally, second derivative spectroscopy allows the direct determination of thiram in the concentration range 1–10 g/ml after its extraction with chloroform. For example, thiram in water (10 g/l) and in thiram/talc standards (10 mg/g) were determined with good precision (±2.0%).
Analytik der Dithiocarbamat-Fungicide. Bestimmung von CS2, COS sowie Thiram (TMTD) mittels Derivativ-UV-Spektroskopie
Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung der Derivativ-UV-Spektroskopie (2. Ableitung) erlaubt eine sehr empfindliche Bestimmung von CS2 und COS als Hydrolyseprodukte der Dithiocarbamat- und Thiuramdisulfid-Fungicide nach Absorption in einem methanolischem Amin-Reagens (Ethylendiamin, Piperidin). Mit Standard-Konzentrationen von 0,08–1,1 g CS2/ml bzw. 0,3–2,0 g COS/ml zeigten die Eichgeraden gute Korrelationskoeffizienten (r<0,999). Im Vergleich zur DFG-Methode S15 zeichnet sich die vorgeschlagene Alternative durch eine um zwei Zehnerpotenzen höhere Empfindlichkeit bei der CS2-Bestimmung aus. In der 2. Ableitung wird nicht nur die Unterscheidung von COS und CS2 eindeutig, sondern auch deren Quantifizierung ohne rechnerische Untergrundkorrekturen ermöglicht. Mit Hilfe der Derivativspektroskopie konnte außerdem Thiram (TMTD) in Konzentrationen von 1–10 g/ml direkt erfaßt werden. So ließen sich nach Extraktion mit Chloroform 10 g/L Thiram in Wasser mit einer Präzision von ±2,0% direkt bestimmen oder Thiram/Talkum-Standards (10 mg/g) überprüfen.相似文献
135.
Microfluidics: Inertial Microfluidic Cell Stretcher (iMCS): Fully Automated,High‐Throughput,and Near Real‐Time Cell Mechanotyping (Small 28/2017)
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136.
Kang Cui Kunal S. Mali Klaus Müllen Michael Walter Steven De Feyter Stijn F. L. Mertens 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(46)
Ionic self‐assembly of charged molecular building blocks relies on the interplay between long‐range electrostatic forces and short‐range, often cooperative, supramolecular interactions, yet has been seldom studied in two dimensions at the solid–liquid interface. Here, we demonstrate anion‐driven switching of two‐dimensional (2D) crystal structure at the Au(111)/octanoic acid interface. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), three organic salts with identical polyaromatic cation (PQPC6+) but different anions (perchlorate, anthraquinonedisulfonate, benzenesulfonate) are shown to form distinct, highly ordered self‐assembled structures. Reversible switching of the supramolecular arrangement is demonstrated by in situ exchange of the anion on the pre‐formed adlayer, by changing the concentration ratio between the incoming and outgoing anion. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that perchlorate is highly mobile in the adlayer, and corroborate why this anion is only resolved transiently in STM. Surprisingly, the templating effect of the anion persists even where it does not become part of the adlayer 2D fabric, which we ascribe to differences in stabilization of cation conformations by the anion. Our results provide important insight into the structuring of mixed anion–cation adlayers. This is essential in the design of tectons for ionic self‐assembled superstructures and biomimetic adaptive materials and valuable also to understand adsorbate–adsorbate interactions in heterogeneous catalysis. 相似文献
137.
138.
Steven T. Dougherty Hongwei Liu Long Yu 《Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing》2016,27(2):123-138
We study one weight \(\mathbb {Z}_2\mathbb {Z}_4\) additive codes. It is shown that the image of an equidistant \(\mathbb {Z}_2\mathbb {Z}_4\) code is a binary equidistant code and that the image of a one weight \(\mathbb {Z}_2\mathbb {Z}_4\) additive code, with nontrivial binary part, is a linear binary one weight code. The structure and possible weights for all one weight \(\mathbb {Z}_2\mathbb {Z}_4\) additive codes are described. Additionally, a lower bound for the minimum distance of dual codes of one weight additive codes is obtained. 相似文献
139.
140.
Steven F. Vaughn Rick A. Boydston Carol A. Mallory-Smith 《Journal of chemical ecology》1996,22(10):1939-1949
Ethyl ether, ethanol, and water extracts of meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Hartweg ex. Benth.) seedmeal were prepared and bioassayed against velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Cardinal). Both the ethyl ether and ethanol fractions, but not the water extract, inhibited velvetleaf and wheat radicle elongation. Fractionation of the extracts indicated that (3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile (3-MPAN) was the active compound from both extracts, comprising >97% of the active ethanol fraction. 3-Methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, which had been previously shown to be the major breakdown product of glucolimnanthin, the majorL. alba glucosinolate, was not detected in either extract. Radicle elongation of velvetleaf and wheat were inhibited by 3-MPAN with I50 (the concentration required to inhibit growth by 50%) values of approximately 4 × 10–4 M (velvetleaf) and 7×10–4 M (wheat).Mention of firms or products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or products not mentioned. 相似文献