Contributions of family relationships and child temperaments to longitudinal variations in sibling relationship quality and sibling relationship styles.

Seventy-one families participated in a longitudinal study of family processes and variations in sibling relationship quality. Family cohesion and expressiveness, father–child relationship quality, fathers' differential treatment of siblings, and child temperaments were associated with positive and negative dimensions of sibling relationship quality across the longitudinal assessments, which spanned 5 years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Apoptosis: molecular regulation of cell death

This article focuses on the few disorders that produce chronic cholestasis in infants and children. Cholestasis is defined, and a framework for thinking about pathophysiology is provided. Medical management is discussed in the context of the consequences and complications of chronic cholestasis. The limited differential for chronic cholestasis is discussed, and approaches to diagnosis and management of specific disorders are provided.     

The buccal bifurcation cyst: in non-surgical treatment an option?

The mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst (BBC) was first described by Stoneman and Worth in 1983. It is a lesion with a specific location, classically the buccal surface of the mandibular first molar and less frequently the mandibular second molar. There have been numerous reports in the literature describing the BBC and its treatment. Treatment advocated thus far includes extraction of the involved first molar, marsupialization and enucleation of the cyst. In their most recent article, Pompura, Sándor and Stoneman reported on the successful treatment of 44 cysts with enucleation without tooth extraction. This article will describe the diagnostic features of the BBC and present three cases with a total of five cysts, which were treated non-surgically and ultimately resolved. The authors, therefore, propose that a more conservative non-surgical approach to these lesions may be considered.     

Efficient 1.94-μm Tm:YALO laser

Laser emission from Tm:YALO is observed over the range 1.93-2.00 μm. A model including reabsorption loss and polarization effects, predicting the output wavelength as a function of laser parameters, is used to design a Tm:YALO laser with output restricted to 1.94 μm, without employing a tuning element. This laser is potentially useful for medical applications, offing to the strong absorption coefficient at 1.94 μm in liquid water (twice that of the 2.02-μm Tm:YAG laser and four times that of the 2.09-μm Ho:YAG laser)     

The buccal bifurcation cyst: a prospective study of treatment outcomes in 44 sites

New thin layer densitometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are described for quantitative determination of glafenine in dosage forms in the presence of its photo-degradation products and in serum in the presence of its metabolites. Mobile phases consisting of toluene-isopropyl alcohol-dimethylformamide-water (18:3:1:0.5) and methanol-water-phosphoric acid (80:120:0.5) are found to be efficient for reasonable separation and adequate resolution of glafenine from associated substances by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC techniques, respectively. The methods are used for the study of glafenine purity, stability, bioavailability, bioequivalence and tablet dissolution rate. The results obtained by TLC and HPLC techniques are in good agreement and offer the advantages of reproducibility and accuracy.     

Parental religiosity, family processes, and youth competence in rural, two-parent African American families.

A model that linked parental formal religiosity to children's academic competence and socioemotional adjustment during early adolescence was tested. The sample included 90 9- to 12-year-old African American youths and their married parents living in the rural South. The theoretical constructs in the model were measured through a multimethod, multi-informant design. Rural African American community members participated in the development of the self-report instruments and observational research methods. Greater parental religiosity led to more cohesive family relationships, lower levels of interparental conflict, and fewer externalizing and internalizing problems in the adolescents. Formal religiosity also indirectly influenced youth self-regulation through its positive relationship with family cohesion and negative relationship with interparental conflict. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correlation of breath sounds with diagnoses of lung dysfunction: experimental observations

An investigation has been undertaken to determine whether there is any correlation between the spectral analyses of breath sounds at the mouth and the diagnosis of lung dysfunction in a small number of patients. The results of the investigation have shown that it is possible to differentiate between the spectral characteristics of the breath sounds of people who are: (a) normal; (b) asthmatic adult, both before and after the administration of a bronchodilator drug; (c) asthmatic adult, treated with an inhaled steroid, both before and after the administration of a bronchodilator drug; (d) asthmatic child, both before and after the administration of a bronchodilator drug. The possible applications of the technique are discussed.     

Child temperaments, maternal differential behavior, and sibling relationships.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the influence of two nonshared family environmental components—maternal differential behavior and sibling temperaments—on the sibling relationship of school-age children. Forty mothers and their same-sex children (20 pairs of boys and 20 pairs of girls) participated. In order to examine the associations of temperament and maternal differential behavior with the quality of sibling interactions, mothers were observed in triadic interactions with their two children. On a separate occasion the sibling dyad was observed interacting in the same contexts. The mothers also provided temperament ratings of each of their children's levels of activity, emotional intensity, and persistence. The results indicated that high activity, high emotional intensity, and low persistence levels in both older and younger children were associated with increased agonism between sisters, whereas high activity and low persistence levels for younger brothers were associated with more agonistic behavior among brothers. An imbalance of maternal behavior that favored the younger child was generally associated with lower rates of verbalizations and prosocial and agonistic behavior directed by siblings to one another. The observations of the mother–sibling triadic and sibling dyadic interactions also revealed consistency in the within-family environments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)