Self-monitoring processes and Holland Vocational Preferences among college students.

Examined the association between self-monitoring and occupational preferences. 237 undergraduates completed Snyder and Gangestad's (1986) revised self-monitoring scale and Holland's (1977) Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI). Regression analyses showed that men who valued congruence between their beliefs and behavior (i.e., low self-monitors) preferred social occupations. Men who were inclined to modify their behavior to fit social situations (i.e., high self-monitors) preferred enterprising occupations. In contrast, high self-monitoring women preferred artistic occupations. It is argued that these gender-neutral occupations permit high self-monitoring women to use their social skills but without the constraints found in male dominated enterprising occupations. Results support the assumption that people prefer occupations compatible with their social skills. Implications for career counseling and further research are noted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Low backmixing in multistage agitated contactors used as reactors

The objective of the study was to test the validity of an available backmix correlation in the low backmix regime required by multistage agitated contactors used as reactors. The correlation was found to be inapplicable, and new equation forms were developed to fit the new experimental data. Keys to low backmix rates are a small annular area around the shaft compared to the column cross-sectional area and an extended annular path length.     

Experimental Study of Porous Gel Sintering

Formation and disappearance of closed pores in silica gel during sintering were experimentally detected using a light-scattering technique. The disappearance of closed pores is strongly influenced by the atmosphere in which the gel is sintered.     

A test for the statistical significance of DNA sequence similarities for application in databank searches

A method is developed, based on word-searching, which provides a rapid test for the statistical significance of DNA sequence similarities for use in databank searching. The method makes allowance for the lengths and dinucleotide compositions of the sequences being compared. A way is also described to calculate the power of the test, i.e. the probability of detecting a given similarity as being statistically significant. The effects on the power of the test of the scoring method, word length, sequence length, and sequence composition are examined. A novel scoring method is shown to be superior to the method currently used in most word-searching algorithms.     

Exceptions that prove the rule--Using a theory of motivated social cognition to account for ideological incongruities and political anomalies: Reply to Greenberg and Jonas (2003).

A meta-analysis by J. T. Jost, J. Glaser, A. W. Kruglanski, and F. J. Sulloway (2003) concluded that political conservatism is partially motivated by the management of uncertainty and threat. In this reply to J. Greenberg and E. Jonas (2003), conceptual issues are clarified, numerous political anomalies are explained, and alleged counterexamples are incorporated with a dynamic model that takes into account differences between "young" and "old" movements. Studies directly pitting the rigidity-of-the-right hypothesis against the ideological extremity hypothesis demonstrate strong support for the former. Medium to large effect sizes describe relations between political conservatism and dogmatism and intolerance of ambiguity; lack of openness to experience; uncertainty avoidance; personal needs for order, structure, and closure; fear of death; and system threat. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hydrogen degradation of steels in gas mains after long periods of operation

We study the degradation of the mechanical and corrosion properties of 17G1S steel in gas mains as a result of operation for 28–40 yr. We reveal the simultaneous decrease in its strength and hardness, on the one hand, and impact toughness and crack resistance, on the other hand. The indicated parameters prove to be most sensitive to the in-service degradation of the metal. The degradation of steel leads to the increase in the strain-hardening coefficient and the appearance of the yield plateau in the tensile stress-strain diagram and causes the appearance of sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement increasing in the process of operation. We analyze the role of absorbed hydrogen affecting the mechanism of strain aging and responsible for the appearance of defects. It is shown that the polarization resistance can be used not only for monitoring of the corrosion state of gas pipelines but also for the prediction of changes in their mechanical properties in the process of operation. __________ Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 97–104, September–October, 2007.     

Study of phase equilibria in the Al - Pd - Re system

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy have been combined with x-ray diffraction to examine the phase equilibria in the Al - Pd - Re system at 1000°C for compositions from 50 to 100 at.% Al, and the corresponding isothermal section has been constructed. The binary monoclinic Al₃ Re phase has been observed for the first time. It is confirmed that there is a stable icosahedral phase in this system. The boundaries to its homogeneity region have been determined and the phase equilibria in which it participates.     

Alcohol tolerance in humans is enhanced by prior caffeine antagonism of alcohol-induced impairment.

The author tested the hypothesis that a history of drug-induced antagonism of alcohol impairment would enhance alcohol tolerance in humans. Groups of participants (N = 21) repeatedly performed a psychomotor task under different drug treatments: 0.65 g/kg alcohol, 4 mg/kg caffeine, or both drugs combined. Tolerance to a 0.65 g/kg alcohol dose challenge was then tested. Results showed that a history of combined alcohol and caffeine administrations increased alcohol tolerance compared with an exposure history to either drug alone. The findings contribute to the understanding of the complexities of polydrug use history and provide a useful model to examine how alcohol tolerance might be affected by a history of coadministration with other drugs (e.g., cocaine and nicotine). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Biochemical oxidation of caprolactam-containing wastewater from the production of synthetic fibres

Conclusions The chemical mutagenesis method is recommended for use in local purification installations for cleaning up of caprolactam-containing wastewater.Use of this method permits one to carry out a biochemical clean-up of wastewater having a caprolactam content up to 600 mg/liter while increasing the oxidative power of the aeration tank by a factor of two.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, p. 46, November–December, 1985.