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MG Astapenko W Otto TM Trofimowa H H?ntzschel B Tautenhahn D Reinelt H Treutler AI Speranskij NM Mylow WA Duljapin TA Tarasenkowa 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1976,31(16):641-646
On the basis of own observations of courses the author adopts a definite attitude to the early symptomatology of the rheumatoid arthritis. During the first weeks of the rheumatoid arthritis the following symptoms are found: articular syndromes, more frequently in form of obstinate polyarthralgias, mono-oligoarthritis, accompanied by morning rigidity and accelerated BSR as well as impairment of the general condition. In the majority of the patients only the tentative diagnosis rheumatoid arthritis may be made. After a one to three months' course of the disease the diagnosis becomes more probable. It is above all based on constancy and symmetry, characteristic localisation of the articular process, morning rigidity, radiologically paraarticular loosening of the structure and morphological symptoms of an acute and subacute synovialitis. 6 to 12 months after the beginning of the disease a clinical picture forms which allows to make the diagnosis of a certain or classical rheumatoid arthritis in accordance with the criteria of the ARA. The occurrence of a high activity of multiple affection of the joints (permanent symmetrical polyarthritis including the small joints of the hands and feet), distinctive morning rigidity, high fever and much accelerated BSR, beginning with the first weeks of the disease, speaks for the possibility of the development of an arthrovisceral form of the course of rheumatoid arthritis. 相似文献
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纳米羟基磷灰石(HAP)增强聚合物基复合材料是替换硬组织的最理想材料,是植入材料的研究重点之一。为了制备与天然骨结构非常相似的复合材料,必须首先制备出性能优良的的纳米HAP粉体。对水热法制备HAP纳米晶须的工艺进行了研究,研究了反应时间、温度、起始反应物的浓度、钙磷比以及反应体系的pH值对合成HAP纳米晶须形貌的影响。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)法,对制备的羟基磷灰石进行了表征和分析。结果表明:生成的HAP晶须的长度及长径比随反应时间的延长而增大。温度〈150℃时,得到HAP晶须;温度〉180℃,则得到细小HAP晶体的聚集产物。当反应物的pH=9时,得到的是缺钙型的HAP;当反应物的pH〈4时,产物中出现新相磷酸氢钙;当pH=2时,得到纯的磷酸氢钙。 相似文献
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Wall shear stress in postcapillary venules varies widely within and between tissues and in response to inflammation and exercise. However, the speed at which leukocytes roll in vivo has been shown to be almost constant within a wide range of wall shear stress, i.e., force on the cell. Similarly, rolling velocities on purified selectins and their ligands in vitro tend to plateau. This may be important to enable rolling leukocytes to be exposed uniformly to activating stimuli on endothelium, independent of local hemodynamic conditions. Wall shear stress increases the rate of dissociation of individual selectin-ligand tether bonds exponentially (, ) thereby destabilizing rolling. We find that this is compensated by a shear-dependent increase in the number of bonds per rolling step. We also find an increase in the number of microvillous tethers to the substrate. This explains (a) the lack of firm adhesion through selectins at low shear stress or high ligand density, and (b) the stability of rolling on selectins to wide variation in wall shear stress and ligand density, in contrast to rolling on antibodies (). Furthermore, our data successfully predict the threshold wall shear stress below which rolling does not occur. This is a special case of the more general regulation by shear of the number of bonds, in which the number of bonds falls below one. 相似文献
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GH Posner MH Parker J Northrop JS Elias P Ploypradith S Xie TA Shapiro 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1999,42(2):300-304
In only three chemical operations, natural trioxane lactone artemisinin (1) was converted into a series of C-10 carbon-substituted 10-deoxoartemisinin compounds 4-9. The three steps involved lactone reduction, replacement of the anomeric lactol OH by F using diethylaminosulfur trifluoride, and finally boron trifluoride-promoted substitution of F by aryl, heteroaryl, and acetylide nucleophiles. All of these C-10 nonacetal, chemically robust, enantiomerically pure compounds 4-9 have high antimalarial potencies in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites, and furans 5a and 5b and pyrrole 7a are antimalarially potent also in vivo even when administered to rodents orally. 相似文献
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Through the high-resolution structure of the gramicidin A channel in lamellar phase lipids and the characterization of specific ion peptide interactions, fundamental principles for ion channel selectivity and conductance efficiency are illustrated with atomic resolution detail. Delocalized cation binding in the first turn of the helix reduces the unfavorable entropy contribution upon binding. Stepwise dehydration minimizes the energy barrier for cation entry and provides valence selectivity in this channel. Three or more water molecules in the monovalent cation binding site result in flexibility in the cation solvation environment causing weak cation size selectivity. Lack of cation induced structural modification avoids the formation of a significant energy barrier, thus permitting efficient cation transport. 相似文献