混凝土坝裂缝变形的不确定性分析模型

混凝土坝裂缝的发生和发展受到不确定因素影响。将大坝系统及其安全监控看作一个受诸多因素影响的不确定性系统,结合裂缝实测资料,应用近似推理模型和信息分配法,建立了裂缝变形的不确定性分析模型。     

Molecular orientation in drawn smectic and crystalline isotactic polypropylene

The drawing behavior of two polypropylene films of different structures was analyzed. The two films differ as a consequence of different quenching conditions. At low temperature, a biphasic smectic-amorphous system was obtained, while quenching at 100°C produced a biphasic crystalline-amorphous system. The drawing of samples was carried out at 110°C at which temperature the smectic phase is not stable and is transformed into the crystalline α-form. The initial structure affects the drawing behavior and the properties of the drawn samples. The mechanical, optical, and X-ray analyses clearly show that high molecular orientation is achieved at lower deformations in the initially smectic sample. In particular, the amorphous phase is highly oriented, inducing higher axial elastic modulus.     

N2O catalytic decomposition over various spinel-type oxides

Various spinel-type catalysts AB₂O₄ (where A = Mg, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn and B = Cr, Fe, Co) were prepared and characterized by XRD, BET, TEM and FESEM-EDS. The performance of these catalysts towards the decomposition of N₂O to N₂ and O₂ was evaluated in a temperature programmed reaction (TPR) apparatus in the absence and the presence of oxygen. Spinel-type oxides containing Co at the B site were found to provide the best activity. The half conversion temperature of nitrous oxide over the MgCo₂O₄ catalyst was 440 °C and 470 °C in the absence and presence of oxygen, respectively (GHSV = 80,000 h⁻¹).

On the grounds of temperature programmed oxygen desorption (TPD) analyses as well as of reactive runs, the prevalent activity of the MgCo₂O₄ catalyst could be explained by its higher concentration of suprafacial, weakly chemisorbed oxygen species, whose related vacancies contribute actively to nitrous oxide catalytic decomposition. This indicates the way for the development of new, more active catalysts, possibly capable of delivering at low temperatures amounts of these oxygen species even higher than those characteristic of MgCo₂O₄.     

基于正交设计的黄池沟退水道弯道体型优化的数值模拟分析

为探求黄池沟退水道弯道的合理体型,采用正交设计与数值模拟相结合的方法研究了体型参数对弯道水流的影响。选取弯道宽度、弯道曲率半径、纵向坡度3个主要影响参数按正交试验设计,确定了9组正交试验方案,利用经水工模型试验结果验证的数学模型对正交试验方案进行模拟,分析了体型参数对弯道及下游陡坡段横向水位差的影响。结果表明,3个体型参数影响作用由大到小依次为纵向坡度、弯道宽度和弯道曲率半径;坡度为显著影响因素,且平坡最佳,弯道曲率半径和弯道宽度影响不显著,据此推荐合理体型参数为坡度取0,弯道宽度和弯道曲率半径采用原设计值。     

全桥拓朴隔离式开关电源主变压器磁设计

全桥拓朴结构的隔离式开关电源能在较小的尺寸下实现较高的功率变换,是高功率密度电源的重要电路结构,其高频主变压器磁心一般选择低损耗功率锰锌软磁铁氧体材料,其设计对电源的尺寸、性能有显著影响.磁设计的目的是用尽可能小的磁心传输尽可能高的功率,但受到两个限制性条件的制约,即磁心的发热和磁饱和.在散热充分的情况下,限制性条件就是磁饱和了.磁心参数设计多采用AP值公式,但目前的几个计算公式都存在一些缺点,要么计算不够准确,要么计算过于复杂不便工程应用.从全桥变压器基本原理出发,将一个工作周期分成了四个时间段.根据各时段的电流大小、方向所对应的磁工作状态,推演了磁心参数计算公式,并用一个实例进行了验证.     

离子束增强沉积氮化硅膜及TiAl抗高温氧化性能的改善

用离子束增强沉积（ＩＢＥＤ）方法在金属间化合物ＴｉＡｌ上合成厚度为０．５，１，和２μｍ的氮化硅薄膜。所形成的薄膜为非晶态，膜与基底间存在混合的过渡区，膜与基底结合紧密用ＡＥＳ，ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ研究薄膜的组成和结构，高温循环氧化结果表明，经沉积膜的ＴｉＡｌ试样的抗氧化性能显著提高其中沉积０．５μｍ薄膜的试样表现出极好的抗循环氧化性能由ＳＥＭ及ＥＤＳ分析得出，良好的高温稳定性能、高的膜／基底结合力和形成富Ａｌ２Ｏ３和硅化物的保护层是提高ＴｉＡｌ抗高温氧化性能的主要因素．     

黄河内蒙古段干流沉积物中砷含量及形态研究

为探明黄河内蒙古段沉积物中砷含量及形态分布特征,采集黄河内蒙古段干流柱状沉积物,采用HNO4-H2SO4-HCl O4法消解沉积物样品,提取沉积物中吸附型砷(A-As)、铝型砷(Al-As)、铁型砷(Fe-As)、钙型砷(CaAs)、包蔽型砷(O-As)5种形态砷,并采用氢化物发生原子荧光分光光度法测定砷含量。结果表明:黄河内蒙古段干流柱状沉积物中砷含量为7.123~16.661 mg/kg,平均为9.292 mg/kg;从整体上看,左岸沉积物砷含量高于右岸,随深度增加砷含量呈下降趋势,从上游至下游砷含量在黑柳子段出现高值;黄河内蒙古段沉积物中砷以Ca-As为主,O-As次之;随着深度的增加,总体上,Ca-As含量略有升高,A-As和O-As含量有所下降,Al-As和Fe-As含量基本不变。     

积石峡水电站溢洪道堰闸段工程中锚索测力计的应用

文章简述了积石峡水电站溢洪道堰闸段锚索测力计的设计布置、率定检验、安装方法及张拉过程中对测力计的观测等方面,以加强锚索测力计在锚索张拉施工过程中的质量控制。     

Real-time digital control of optical interferometers by the mechanical-modulation technique

We discuss the application of digital systems to the automatic control of dual-wave optical interferometers. We show that, if the mechanical-modulation technique is used for error-signal extraction, digital techniques can be used both for error-signal extraction and for control-signal generation. Therefore, apart from two front/end amplifiers that are necessary to match the dynamics of the detectors and actuators to the dynamics of the analog-to-digital converters and digital-to-analog converters, no other analog devices are required. In particular, the mechanical-modulation technique requires the synchronous demodulation of the photodiode output signal. Hence we need to implement a digital lock-in amplifier whose algorithm is described here. Finally, we describe one of the possible applications of this digital control procedure, such as the control of a classic Mach-Zehnder interferometer in air.     

Long Duration Persistent Photocurrent in 3 nm Thin Doped Indium Oxide for Integrated Light Sensing and In-Sensor Neuromorphic Computation

Miniaturization and energy consumption by computational systems remain major challenges to address. Optoelectronics based synaptic and light sensing provide an exciting platform for neuromorphic processing and vision applications offering several advantages. It is highly desirable to achieve single-element image sensors that allow reception of information and execution of in-memory computing processes while maintaining memory for much longer durations without the need for frequent electrical or optical rehearsals. In this work, ultra-thin (<3 nm) doped indium oxide (In₂O₃) layers are engineered to demonstrate a monolithic two-terminal ultraviolet (UV) sensing and processing system with long optical state retention operating at 50 mV. This endows features of several conductance states within the persistent photocurrent window that are harnessed to show learning capabilities and significantly reduce the number of rehearsals. The atomically thin sheets are implemented as a focal plane array (FPA) for UV spectrum based proof-of-concept vision system capable of pattern recognition and memorization required for imaging and detection applications. This integrated light sensing and memory system is deployed to illustrate capabilities for real-time, in-sensor memorization, and recognition tasks. This study provides an important template to engineer miniaturized and low operating voltage neuromorphic platforms across the light spectrum based on application demand.