Holography and the possibility of its use in applied anatomy

The article deals with some methods of holography (holograms with inclined reference beam, in three-dimensional media after Yu. N. Denisiuk, holographic interferometry) as applied to studying anatomical objects. Approximate optical schemes and photographic copies of holograms of separate objects are presented. The comparative analysis of different methods enabled the authors to recommened for practical use the method of obtaining holograms in three-dimensional media for documentation of anatomical investigation and storage of information, holographic method of obtaining contour maps of the surface for quantitative characteristics of individual properties of the object and the method of double exposure for studying static and dynamic deformities.     

Disturbances of the transitional circulation: spectrum of pulmonary hypertension and myocardial dysfunction

The possible role of the adrenergic nervous system in the intoxicant effects of ethanol was examined in studies of the interaction or propranolol and phentolamine with ethanol. Propranolol teneded to increase the effect of lower doses of ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of higher doses of ethanol (over 2.0 g/kg) tended to be diminished by low doses of propranolol, whereas higher doses of propranolol were ineffective or actually increased the ethanol effect. Phentolamine tended to decrease the effect of the lower ethanol doses. These findings are inconsistent with any simple adrenergic mechanism in the mediation of the intoxicant effect of ethanol.     

The DNA recognition subunit of the type IB restriction-modification enzyme EcoAI tolerates circular permutions of its polypeptide chain

The DNA specificity subunit (HsdS) of type I restriction-modification enzymes is composed of two independent target recognition domains and several regions whose amino acid sequence is conserved within an enzyme family. The conserved regions participate in intersubunit interactions with two modification subunits (HsdM) and two restriction subunits (HsdR) to form the complete endonuclease. It has been proposed that the domains of the HsdS subunit have a circular organisation providing the required symmetry for their interaction with the other subunits and with the bipartite DNA target. To test this model, we circularly permuted the HsdS subunit of the type IB R-M enzyme EcoAI at the DNA level by direct linkage of codons for original termini and introduction of new termini elsewhere along the N-terminal and central conserved regions. By analysing the activity of mutant enzymes, two circularly permuted variants of HsdS that had termini located at equivalent positions in the N-terminal and central repeats, respectively, were found to fold into a functional DNA recognition subunit with wild-type specificity, suggesting a close proximity of the N and C termini in the native protein. The wild-type HsdS subunit was purified to homogeneity and shown to form a stable trimeric complex with HsdM, M2S1, which was fully active as a DNA methyltransferase. Gel electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the HsdS protein alone was not able to form a specific complex with a 30-mer oligoduplex containing a single EcoAI recognition site. However, addition of stoichiometric amounts of HsdM to HsdS led to efficient specific DNA binding. Our data provide evidence for the circular organisation of domains of the HsdS subunit. In addition, they suggest a possible role of HsdM subunits in the formation of this structure.     

Ultrastructure and dynamics of the transosomes of the follicular epithelium of avian ovaries

Specific organelles in follicular cells of the avian ovaries - so called transosomes - are described. Transosomes are formed in the follicular cell cytoplasm under the cytoplasmic membrane and consist of a dense layer 100-150 A in thickness and granules 110-250 A in diameter evenly distributed on its inner surface and containing r-RNA. The main property of transosomes is to move from one follicular cell to another or to an oocyte having separated from numerous processes of follicular cells and being surrounded by two additional membranes. In the ooplasm the transosome takes part in the development of primordial yolk granules. It is supposed that transosomes bring about a transmission of somatic follicular cells to the occyte which is necessary for the initial stages of vitellogenesis.