Association of chromosome 12p genetic polymorphisms with lung adenocarcinoma risk and prognosis

The mapping near Kras2 of pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1 (Pas1), a major locus affecting inherited predisposition to lung cancer in mice prompted us to test the homologous human region (12p12) for association with lung adenocarcinoma, by a population-based study. We genotyped 213 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 219 healthy blood donor subjects for five polymorphic markers mapping in the putative region of interest. Three marker polymorphisms, located in a region spanning approximately 700 kb, were significantly associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk. Furthermore, polymorphisms in KRAS2 and PTHLH loci were also associated with tumor prognosis. These results suggest the existence of a human Pas1 homologous locus on chromosome 12p12.     

Epidemiology of enuresis in Turkish children

The treatment and favorable outcome of a bitch with uterine torsion and two retained fetuses are described. The condition was corrected surgically by ovariohysterectomy. Complications (i.e., septic shock, peritonitis, and hemostatic abnormalities) were managed with aggressive medical therapy. Torsion of the gravid uterus in dogs is a life-threatening condition which can have a successful outcome if medical complications encountered in the pre- and postoperative periods are treated quickly and effectively.     

氯消毒副产物及其影响因素的研究概况

氯消毒因其效果可靠、操作简便、价格便宜等优点而成为污水消毒中广泛采用的方法,但氯消毒过程中产生的有毒副产物可能带来的化学安全问题则成为越来越受关注的焦点.本文主要是研究氯消毒副产物的生成及其影响因素,为污水氯消毒实践中消毒条件的选择、水质控制及相关水质安全标准的制定提供依据.     

High resolution MR imaging of joint degeneration in the knee of the STR/ORT mouse

MR imaging of the knee joints of the mouse at 2.35 T produces an in-plane resolution of 35 x 70 microns and a slice thickness of 600 microns from the sagittal and coronal planes, in less than 60 min. In normal, live DBA mice, which have no known pathology, the images clearly resolve many joint structures, such as the cruciate ligaments, menisci, and articulating surfaces of the femur and tibia. Gross pathological changes were identified first in excised knees from cadaver mice of the STR/ORT strain. Males of this strain spontaneously exhibit rapid joint degeneration with increasing age compared to females, in which much milder symptoms develop more slowly. Thickening of the patellar tendon, displacement of the patella, deformity, and sclerosis were clearly distinguishable in males compared with females older than 7 mo of age. The same degenerative features were evident in MR images of the knees of the live male but not female STR/ORT mice of this age, indicating that it would be possible to monitor longitudinally by MR imaging progressive development of joint changes in this osteoarthritic model.     

Culture of urinary sediment for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women

1,001 consecutive women seen in a V.D. clinic were screened for gonorrhoea by cultures of urinary sediment, the endocervix, and anal canal. Recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on culture of urinary sediment was 81-7 per cent. as productive as culture of the endocervix, and 79-2 per cent. compared to endocervical and anal canal culturing. Urogenital symptoms were present in 55-1 per cent. of women with negative cultures and 64-6 per cent. of those with gonorrhoea. A complaint of dysuria increased the likelihood of a positive urinary sediment or endocervical culture. Culture of urinary sediment is less sensitive than culture of the endocervix. However, the ease with which specimens are obtained and the relative simplicity of the technique could make this method an acceptable tool for screening large numbers of women for gonorrhoea.     

Technology-aided participative methods in environmental assessment: An international perspective

Provisions for citizen involvement in the assessment of potential environmental effects of certain plans, programmes and projects are present in current legislation. An international survey revealed that public participation is common practice in European and some other countries worldwide. However, a number of issues are observed to affect public involvement in EIA/SEA processes and expert opinion differs when evaluating the effectiveness of existing participative methods.Results suggest that technology-aided methods can improve traditional participation processes. In particular, GIS has the potential to increase community knowledge and enhance involvement by communicating information more effectively. Variable accessibility to technology and data quality remain issues. Combining technology with more conventional ways of gathering, evaluating and presenting data are seen as offering a solution to the need to promote the integration of public perceptions in environmental assessment procedures. Recommendations to improve current public participation methods and measures for making GIS available to the general public are provided.     

Theory of diaphragm structure and shape

The muscle bundles of the diaphragm form a curved sheet that extends from the chest wall to the central tendon. Each muscle bundle exerts a force in the direction of its curvature; the magnitude of this force is proportional to the curvature of the bundle. The contribution of this force to transdiaphragmatic pressure is maximal if the direction of bundle curvature is orthogonal to the surface and the curvature is maximal. That is, the contribution of muscle tension to transdiaphragmatic pressure is maximal if the muscle bundles lie along lines that are both geodesics and lines of maximal principal curvature of the surface. A theory of diaphragm shape is developed from the assumption that all muscle bundles have these optimal properties. The class of surfaces that are formed of line elements that are both geodescis and lines of principal curvature is described. This class is restricted. The lines that form the surface must lie in planes, and all lines must have the same shape. In addition, the orientation of the lines is restricted. An example of this class that is similar to the shape of the canine diaphragm is described, and the stress distribution in this example is analyzed.