Measuring End-to-End Delay in Low Energy SDN IoT Platform

In this paper, we developed a new customizable low energy Software Defined Networking (SDN) based Internet of Things (IoT) platform that can be reconfigured according to the requirements of the target IoT applications. Technically, the platform consists of a set of low cost and energy efficient single-board computers, which are interconnected within a network with the software defined configuration. The proposed SDN switch is deployed on Raspberry Pi 3 board using Open vSwitch (OvS) software, while the Floodlight controller is deployed on the Orange Pi Prime board. We firstly presented and implemented the method for measuring a delay introduced by each component of the IoT infrastructure, ranging from the sensor, the core of SDN, the IoT broker, to an IoT subscriber. Thus, we presented the approach for estimating energy efficiency for SDN based IoT platform proportional to the traffic. The experiments carried out on a real SDN topology based on single-board computers show that our approach not only saves up to 53.56% of energy at low traffic intensity, but also provides QoS guarantee for IoT applications.     

Effect of vacuum-packaged frozen storage, after cooking, on the phospholipids of Hereford and Bison

Changes in the neutral lipid (NL), phospholipid (PL) and their fatty acid (FA) profiles in lean samples of cooked and cooked, vacuum-packaged, frozen (28 days) Hereford and Bison L. dorsi muscle were analyzed. Samples from Herefords contained more saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the neutral lipid fraction than Bison. Storage decreased the C_18:2, C_18:3, C_20:1 and C_20:4 content of the NL. Bison samples contained more total PL and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) than Hereford. Storage decreased the content of the least polar of the PL which were eluted in the solvent front (fraction 1), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), PE and sphingomyelin (SPH). In the combined PL fraction, there were no differences in the FA profile of Bison and Hereford. Storage resulted in a decrease in the content of C_18:2, C_20:4, unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the combined PL fraction. In the PE fraction, Bison samples contained more C_20:4 and PUFA than Hereford. Storage had no effect on the FA profile of PE. The LPC fraction of Bison samples contained more saturated SFA, UFA and PUFA than Hereford, and with storage these FA decreased. Cooked frozen storage also decreased SFA, UFA and PUFA in PC/LPE.     

Toward an Understanding of the Determinants of Anger.

Research bearing on several popular conceptions of the major determinants of anger arousal indicates that the particular appraisals often identified as causes of anger frequently only serve to affect the intensity of the anger that is generated. Research into effects of physical pain or other physically unpleasant conditions or involving social stresses suggests that decidedly aversive conditions are a major spur to anger. Experiments are also reviewed showing that anger-related muscular movements can also lead to anger-related feelings, memories, cognitions, and autonomic responses. Alternative explanations for the findings are discussed. The authors urge emotion theorists to widen their methodology and analyses so that they give careful, detailed attention to the many different factors that can influence anger. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Temporal Discounting When the Choice Is Between Two Delayed Rewards.

The present experiments extend the temporal discounting paradigm from choice between an immediate and a delayed reward to choice between 2 delayed rewards: a smaller amount of money available sooner and a larger amount available later. Across different amounts and delays, the data were consistently well described by a hyperbola-like discounting function, and the degree of discounting decreased systematically as the delay to the sooner reward increased. Three theoretical models (the elimination-by-aspects, present-value comparison, and common-aspect attenuation hypotheses) were evaluated. The best account of the data was provided by the common-aspect attenuation hypothesis, according to which the common aspect of the choice alternatives (i.e., the time until the sooner reward is available) receives less weight in the decision-making process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Locus heterogeneity for Waardenburg syndrome is predictive of clinical subtypes

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a dominantly inherited and clinically variable syndrome of deafness, pigmentary changes, and distinctive facial features. Clinically, WS type I (WS1) is differentiated from WS type II (WS2) by the high frequency of dystopia canthorum in the family. In some families, WS is caused by mutations in the PAX3 gene on chromosome 2q. We have typed microsatellite markers within and flanking PAX3 in 41 WS1 kindreds and 26 WS2 kindreds in order to estimate the proportion of families with probable mutations in PAX3 and to study the relationship between phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Evaluation of heterogeneity in location scores obtained by multilocus analysis indicated that WS is linked to PAX3 in 60% of all WS families and in 100% of WS1 families. None of the WS2 families were linked. In those families in which equivocal lod scores (between -2 and +1) were found, PAX3 mutations have been identified in 5 of the 15 WS1 families but in none of the 4 WS2 families. Although preliminary studies do not suggest any association between the phenotype and the molecular pathology in 20 families with known PAX3 mutations and in four patients with chromosomal abnormalities in the vicinity of PAX3, the presence of dystopia in multiple family members is a reliable indicator for identifying families likely to have a defect in PAX3.     

Effect of a neoprene sleeve on knee joint position sense during sitting open kinetic chain and supine closed kinetic chain tests

The primary objective of the present study was to compare the effect of a neoprene sleeve on knee joint position sense during a sitting open kinetic chain test and a supine closed kinetic chain test. Young (24 +/- 2 years old), healthy subjects (18 men and 18 women) performed knee joint angle replication tests during open kinetic chain knee extension (sitting) and closed kinetic chain leg press (supine with an axial load of 15% body weight) before and after application of a neoprene sleeve over the dominant knee. The improvement in ability to replicate joint angles after application of the sleeve (sleeve effect) was significantly less during the supine closed kinetic chain test (0.3 degree +/- 1.4 degrees) than during the sitting open kinetic chain test (1.2 degrees +/- 1.1 degrees). The sleeve effect was inversely related to subjects' performance without the sleeve during both the sitting open kinetic chain and supine closed kinetic chain tests, suggesting that some people may derive greater benefit from the sleeve than others. Although the sleeve effects were small, particularly during the supine closed kinetic chain test, 72% of subjects felt that the sleeve improved their overall test performance. Future research is needed to establish the functional relevance of the small sleeve effects observed and to identify the characteristics of people who might derive greatest benefit from sleeve use.     

High levels of spontaneous and parasite antigen-driven interleukin-10 production are associated with antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in human lymphatic filariasis

To determine whether counterregulation by interleukin (IL)-10 plays a role in the generation or maintenance of the antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness seen in asymptomatic microfilaremic (MF) patients, parasite antigen (PAg)- and nonparasite antigen (NPAg)-driven IL-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied in 10 MF patients and in ll patients with chronic lymphatic pathology (CP). PBMC from MF patients spontaneously secreted 10-fold more IL-10 than did PBMC from patients with CP. PAg also induced significantly more IL-10 production by PBMC from CP patients. There was a negative correlation between PAg driven IL-10 production by PBMC and PAg-specific T cell proliferation in the MF group. IL-10 secretion by plastic adherent cells from MF persons was higher in response to PAg than NPAg, whereas IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion were equivalent for PAg and NPAg, suggesting that PAg preferentially induces IL-10 secretion in these cells. Thus, PAg-induced IL-10 likely plays an important role in down-regulating antigen-specific proliferative responses in MF patients.     

Study of anionic and nonionic silicone lattices by 29Si NMR spectroscopy

The curing of silicone lattices has been studied using ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy. It has been found that cross-linking occurs prior to removal of the water. Stabilizers prevent gelation by slowing down the rate of condensation, particularly of higher functionality cross-linkers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A method for radiologic-assisted gastrostomy when percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is contraindicated

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has been established as a faster and safer procedure than open surgical gastrostomy. It cannot be done, however, for many patients with partially obstructing pharyngeal or esophageal carcinoma, previous gastrectomy, upper abdominal surgery, or bowel distension from distal obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We attempted percutaneous radiologic-assisted gastrostomy (RAG) in 231 patients referred for gastrostomy, 38 of whom had a relative contraindication for PEG. The procedure involves passing, under radiologic guidance, an orogastric inflation tube that contains a snare. We used a 5-inch long, 18-gauge needle to transabdominally insert a wire into the stomach, avoiding loops of bowel visualized by air contrast. Retrieving the transabdominal wire by snare allowed retrograde passage of the gastrostomy tube as done in standard PEG. RESULTS: The procedure was successful in 230 of 231 cases, including 37 of the 38 patients with contraindications. We could not gain gastric access in 1 patient with a 75% gastrectomy. Overall, 6 patients developed complications and 1 died. There was no procedure-related morbidity or mortality in the patients with contraindications to PEG who underwent successful RAG. Subsequent laparotomy indicated tube passage through the liver in 2 of these cases and small bowel mesentery in 1 case without clinical problems. We performed a percutaneous jejunostomy in the efferent limb of the gastrojejunostomy in 1 patient with a previous gastrectomy. CONCLUSION: The snare technique is simpler and faster than the usual radiologic gastropexy technique, and safer than an endoscopic procedure. It has become our procedure of choice for gaining gastric access.