Reduction of NOx Stored at Low Temperatures on a NOx Adsorbing Catalyst

Isothermal storage and reduction of NO₂ with CO, C₃H₆ and H₂ as reducing agents on a lean NO _x adsorber was investigated by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) studies. The reduction of NO _x was clearly favoured with H₂ as reducing agent. Carbon monoxide and C₃H₆ showed fairly low reduction of NO _x . The NO _x reduction at low temperatures with H₂ as reducing agent was found to be effective, clearly much more effective than for CO.     

基于指数神经元的模型感知器的设计

基于神经元感知器结构并采用最速下降自适应算法，针对电导，温度，湿度，水分，浓度，油粘度等测量问题设计一种基于指数神经元的自适应模型感知器，同时在一定意义上实现了信息融合。分析讨论了学习参数对感知器建模工作性能的影响，给出了电导，温度，水分应用实例的仿真曲线。结果表明，所设计的自适应模型感知器应用于传感器及测量系统的自动建模是有效的。该种建模方法和机制也可作为智能单元（硬件或软件）灵活地应用于实际测量或控制系统，从而取代传统的人工曲线拟和方法。     

锆合金的碘致应力腐蚀开裂研究(英文)

研究了不同热处理状态的Zr-2和Zr-4合金在不同浓度的碘介质及实验温度下的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。并对不同织构取向的试样在350℃下进行了蠕变实验,蠕变实验的载荷值选择与SCC实验相对应的一系列典型载荷。用扫描电子显微镜观察了断口特征,用透射电子显微镜和光学显微镜检查了材料的显微组织,用X-光衍射仪测定了锆合金的织构,分析讨论了材料状态、实验温度、碘浓度以及蠕变对锆合金碘致应力腐蚀行为的影响。     

统一电能质量控制器的一种新型保护方法

提出并分析了统一电能质量控制器UPQC(Unified Power Quality Controller)的一种新型保护方法。配电系统中发生短路故障时，该方法可以很有效地保护统一电能质量控制器串联部分中的辽变电路。保护的核心元件是与电流互感器二次侧并联的压敏电阻器及反并联晶闸管支路，通过对晶闸管门板信号的控制使电流互感器二次侧的电压箝位在逆变电路所允许的范围内，从而实现对UPQC的有效保护。该方法通过Matlab对380V配电线路进行了数字仿真，证明了其有效性。     

Self-aligning MEMS in-line separable electrical connector

A MEMS in-line separable connector containing features for precision self-alignment is demonstrated. The concept relies on sliding connection between female and male halves to induce vertical deflections of a set of flexible conductors and establish stable electrical contacts. Electrodeposited photoresist is used to fabricate thick, nonplanar conductors, shaped by a silicon substrate that has previously been terraced by anisotropic etching. Further etched features ensure transverse and vertical self-alignment between conductor elements during mating. Prototype 10-way connectors are demonstrated with 200 /spl mu/m wide conductors on a 250-/spl mu/m pitch. Mechanical reliability of contacts during repeated mating and demating is demonstrated, and initial measurement of contact resistance reveals an encouraging value of 30 m/spl Omega/.     

不同发酵条件对草莓果酒品质的影响

以新鲜草莓为原料,将草莓经过预处理之后,用果胶酶酶解提取草莓汁,然后将草莓汁的糖浓度调到18%,对其进行发酵酿酒。通过单因素试验研究主发酵温度、酿酒酵母添加量、偏重亚硫酸钾添加量对草莓果酒品质的影响,在此基础上通过正交试验确定了草莓果酒的最佳加工工艺参数。试验结果表明:发酵温度、酵母添加量和偏重亚硫酸钾添加量都能影响果酒的感官品质,其中发酵温度的影响最为显著。通过正交试验可知,在草莓汁中添加0.06%酿酒酵母0,.004%偏重亚硫酸钾,在温度为20℃的条件下发酵7d可得到果香浓郁、色泽金黄、澄清透明的草莓果酒。     

永磁直线同步电机全速无位置传感器控制

针对永磁直线同步电机无位置传感器控制时,单一的位置估计算法难以在宽范围内精确估计动子速度和位置信号的问题,为了进一步适应直线电机往复运动、速度变化范围大的特点,提出了高频信号注入法和增广扩展卡尔曼滤波算法复合的估计算法。在起动和低速时采用高频信号注入法,在中高速时采用增广扩展卡尔曼滤波法,在过渡区域采用高频信号注入法和增广扩展卡尔曼滤波算法融合的方法,实现从零速到高速全速范围内高精确度无位置传感器控制。仿真和实验结果表明,基于该复合算法的无位置传感器控制系统在全速范围内都具有良好的动态响应特性。     

Effect of geometry and green density on the anisotropic sintering shrinkage of axisymmetric iron parts

Sintering shrinkage of prior cold compacted iron rings with different geometry (height to wall thickness ratio) and green density in the 6.5–7.3?g/cm³ range was investigated. It displays a minimum at an intermediate green density. Axial, tangential and radial shrinkages are different, due to the gradients of green density along the axial and the radial directions. Therefore, the effect of height on shrinkage and its anisotropy is the result of their effect on the stress distribution in the green parts during cold compaction, and the resulting green density and deformation experienced by the powder. Anisotropy decreases on increasing shrinkage.     

Bark as feedstock for dual fluidized bed gasifiers—Operability,efficiency, and economics

The demand for biofuels and biochemicals is expected to increase in the future, which will in turn increase the demand for biomass feedstock. Large gasification plants fueled with biomass feedstock are likely to be a key enabling technology in a resource‐efficient, bio‐based economy. Furthermore, the costs for producing biofuels and biochemicals in such plants could potentially be decreased by utilizing inexpensive low‐grade residual biomass as feedstock. This study investigates the usage of shredded tree bark as a feedstock for the production of biomethane in the GoBiGas demonstration plant in Gothenburg, Sweden, based on a 32 MW_th industrial dual fluidized bed gasification unit. The plant was operated with bark feedstock for 12 000 hours during the period 2014 to 2018. Data from the measurement campaign were processed using a stochastic approach to establish the plant's mass and energy balances, which were then compared with operation of the plant with wood pellets. For this comparison, an extrapolation algorithm was developed to predict plant performance using bark dried to the same moisture content as wood pellets, ie, 8%_w.b. Plant operation with bark feedstock was evaluated for operability, efficiency, and feedstock‐related cost. The gas quality achieved during the test period was similar to that obtained for operation with wood pellets. Furthermore, no significant ash sintering or agglomeration problems were observed more than 750 hours of operation. The calculated biomass‐to‐biomethane efficiency is 43% to 47% (lower heating value basis) for operation with wet bark. However, the predicted biomass‐to‐biomethane efficiency can be increased to 55%–65% for operation with bark feedstock dried to 8% moisture content, with corresponding feedstock costs in the range of 24.2 to 32.7 EUR/MWh; ie, a cost reduction of about 40% compared with wood pellets.