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71.
Judith E. Innes David M. Simpson 《Journal of the American Planning Association. American Planning Association》2013,79(2):230-234
Geographic information systems have finally arrived in state and local governments and, with them, an extraordinary opportunity for planning. Many groups with differing agendas are competing to define this new technology, what it will do, and who will use it. It is by no means certain that planners will do well in this competition. This article mines the literature on technological innovation and concludes that planners must understand GIS as a socially constructed technology, including not just hardware and software but also the practices, laws, organizational arrangements, and knowledge that are necessary for its use. The article recommends a strategic approach to GIS implementation that involves both human and technical systems. 相似文献
72.
Stephen W. Rothwell Evelyn Sawyer Jennifer Dorsey William S. Flournoy Timothy Settle David Simpson Gary Cadd Paul Janmey Charles White Kathleen A. Szabo 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2009,20(10):2155-2166
We investigated the inflammatory response in pigs exposed to salmon fibrinogen/thrombin dressings. Animals were exposed to
the material in 3 ways: (a) thrombin and fibrinogen were injected intravenously, (b) dual full-thickness skin lesions were
surgically created on the dorsal aspect of the swine and treated with the fibrinogen/thrombin bandage and a commercial bandage
or (c) a fibrinogen/thrombin bandage was inserted through an abdominal incision into the peritoneal cavity. Blood was collected
twice weekly and animals were sacrificed at 7, 10 or 28 days. Animals in the 28-day dermal lesion group were given an injection
of salmon fibrinogen/thrombin at the 10 day point to simulate a second bandage application. The immune response manifested
itself as induction of germinal centers in mesenteric lymph nodes and in the white pulp of the spleen. Examination of the
histology of the skin and organs showed a cellular inflammatory response with granulation tissue and signs of edema that resolved
by the 28-day stage. Antibodies reactive to salmon and human thrombin and fibrinogen were detected, but fibrinogen levels
and coagulation processes were not affected. In conclusion, animals treated with salmon fibrinogen/thrombin bandages demonstrated
a smooth recovery course in terms of both tissue healing and the immune response without adverse effects from the exposure
to the fish proteins. 相似文献
73.
Few psychological studies, if any, can claim a legacy as imposing as the obedience studies of Stanley Milgram. Their impact was of notable consequence in the separate spheres of research ethics, research design, and theory in psychology, and they changed the ways that psychologists conceptualize and conduct their research. The authors discuss the legacy of these studies, especially as they effected dramatic changes in the fields of personality and social psychology. The article concludes with a discussion of what psychological science has lost in the aftermath of Milgram--high impact studies--and the salience that such research has in illuminating the most significant problems of our society, studies that could produce great human benefits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
74.
Ward Ryan D.; Kellendonk Christoph; Simpson Eleanor H.; Lipatova Olga; Drew Michael R.; Fairhurst Stephen; Kandel Eric R.; Balsam Peter D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,123(4):720
Increased striatal dopamine D2 receptor activity is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. To model this condition in mice, Kellendonk et al. (2006) generated transgenic mice that selectively overexpress the D2 receptor in striatum (D2OE). Drew et al. (2007) reported that D2OE mice display deficits in interval timing and motivation. The present study further explored the impaired timing in D2OE mice. Experiment 1 assessed the role of motivation in producing timing deficits in the peak procedure and found that performance in D2OE mice was improved by increasing motivation. In addition, performance was impaired in control mice when motivation was decreased. In Experiment 2, we found that D2OE mice have no timing impairment when tested using the bisection task, a procedure in which the measure of timing performance is less influenced by motivation to respond. In Experiment 3, we also used the bisection task and found selective impairment in timing of long durations in D2OE mice. These results suggest that striatal D2 overexpression impairs timing by decreasing motivation and through its impact on working memory and/or sustained attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
75.
Simpson Ian B. K. Bensted David J. Dawalibi Farid Blix Einar D. 《Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on》1987,(3):490-497
In large plants with high primary fault levels, the whole plant must be considered as forming the ground grid for the return of primary fault current. The internal impedance of the equivalent ground grid must be taken into account in grid potential rise calculations, as grid potentials transferred from one area of the plant may cause hazardous touch potentials at other locations. Field measurements and computer analyses to calculate the distribution of grid potential rise in a large grounding system are presented. 相似文献
76.
Simpson D 《Tobacco control》2002,11(3):173-174
77.
Kingree J. B.; Simpson Alpha; Thompson Martie; McCrady Barbara; Tonigan J. Scott; Lautenschlager Gary 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,20(4):453
This article presents 5 studies related to the development and initial evaluation of the Survey of Readiness for Alcoholics Anonymous Participation (SYRAAP). The SYRAAP is a brief, multidimensional, self-administered instrument that assesses beliefs associated with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) participation. Study 1 generated 239 candidate items for potential inclusion in the instrument. Study 2 assessed the content validity of these items according to 3 criteria and identified a subset of 60 with the highest values on the criteria for further consideration. Study 3 produced a shorter version of the SYRAAP and evaluated its structure, internal reliability, and validity. Study 4 reevaluated the structure and internal reliability of the SYRAAP and yielded findings that were generally consistent with those from Study 3. Study 5 established stability reliability for the instrument. The collective findings indicated the SYRAAP can reliably and validly assess individual-level beliefs associated with AA participation. The potential use of the SYRAAP for researchers and clinicians, along with limitations of the work presented here, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
78.
Ritter F.E. Van Rooy D. Amant R.St. Simpson K. 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part A, Systems and humans : a publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society》2006,36(3):592-601
Models of users are a way to understand and improve the usability of computer interfaces. We present here a model in ACT-R cognitive-modeling language that interacts with a publicly available driving simulation as a simple analog for robot interfaces. The model interacts with the unmodified Java interface by incorporating a novel use of bitmap parsing. The model's structure starts to describe the knowledge a human operator of a robot must have. The model also indicates some of the aspects of the task will be difficult for the operator. For example, the model's performance makes quantitative predictions about how robot speed will influence navigation quality, correlating well to human performance. While the model does not cover all aspects of human-robot interaction, it illustrates how providing user models access to an interface through its bitmap can lead to more accurate and more widely applicable model users. 相似文献
79.
Shawn E. Gano John E. Renaud Jay D. Martin Timothy W. Simpson 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2006,32(4):287-298
Many optimization methods for simulation-based design rely on the sequential use of metamodels to reduce the associated computational burden. In particular, kriging models are frequently used in variable fidelity optimization. Nevertheless, such methods may become computationally inefficient when solving problems with large numbers of design variables and/or sampled data points due to the expensive process of optimizing the kriging model parameters in each iteration. One solution to this problem would be to replace the kriging models with traditional Taylor series response surface models. Kriging models, however, were shown to provide good approximations of computer simulations that incorporate larger amounts of data, resulting in better global accuracy. In this paper, a metamodel update management scheme (MUMS) is proposed to reduce the cost of using kriging models sequentially by updating the kriging model parameters only when they produce a poor approximation. The scheme uses the trust region ratio (TR-MUMS), which is a ratio that compares the approximation to the true model. Two demonstration problems are used to evaluate the proposed method: an internal combustion engine sizing problem and a control-augmented structural design problem. The results indicate that the TR-MUMS approach is very effective; on the demonstration problems, it reduced the number of likelihood evaluations by three orders of magnitude compared to using a global optimizer to find the kriging parameters in every iteration. It was also found that in trust region-based method, the kriging model parameters need not be updated using a global optimizer—local methods perform just as well in terms of providing a good approximation without affecting the overall convergence rate, which, in turn, results in a faster execution time. 相似文献
80.