Tactical and technical errors as the cause of development of external intestinal fistulas

An analysis of causes of the development of external enteric fistulas in 71 patients, who to the moment of surgery showed no purulent-inflammatory processes in the abdomen, has demonstrated that in most patients (40 persons) the fistula development can be related with technical errors (an injury, deserosing, suturing of the intestine) during an operation. It is believed that for prophylaxis of enteric fistulas a special care should be given by a surgeon to mobilization of the intestine from adhesions, strict observation of technical recommendations and tactical purposes pertaining to treatment of acute intestinal obstruction, strangulated hernias, etc.     

The interaction of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate with lipids: a nuclear magnetic resonance study

The proton magnetic resonance (PMR) and phosphorus magnetic resonance (PhMR) spectra of egg phosphatidylcholine in the presence of 1-anilino-8-nahthalenesulfonate (ANS) have been studied. At low ratios of ANS to phospholipid, the spectra indicate that ANS molecules are in the lipid interface region where they interact with the head-group protons. ANS also penetrates into the hydrocarbon region to some extent. As the ANS/phospholipid ratio approaches one, a significant splitting of the head-group signal occurs. This splitting is associated with head-group signals from inner and outer molecules of the phospholipid vesicles. As the ANS/phospholipid ratio is further increased, a gel phase often occurs. The spectra for this gel phase suggest a highly mobile head-group. Further ANS addition results in a PMR spectrum suggestive of ANS-phospholipid micelle formation. The results for a phospholipid-cholesterol complex and for the total lipid extract from a cell membrane show that the ANS effect is more complicated in these cases.