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21.
22.
TR Bowen F Miller P Castagno J Richards G Lipton 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,18(6):789-793
We analysed 42 differentiated thyroid tumors including 15 follicular adenomas (FA), 13 papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) and 14 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC) with 13 microsatellite markers specific for the long arm of human chromosome 7 within 7q31; this region is deleted frequently in several other tumor types. Overall, 20 of the 42 samples analysed (48%) displayed LOH with one or more of the markers tested. LOH was detected most frequently (78%) in FTC, the most malignant of the thyroid tumors. A smallest common deleted region (SCDR) was defined in this tumor type flanked by markers D7S480 and D7S490. This SCDR is distinct from D7S522, the most commonly deleted locus in many other tumors, which was deleted in only one FTC. D7S522 did show LOH in two of six informative PTCs. None of the PTC and only two of the FAs showed LOH in the FTC SCDR. Since FA is considered a premalignant stage of FTC, our results suggest that inactivation of a putative tumor suppressor at 7q31.2 may be acquired during adenoma to carcinoma progression. The absence of LOH at this locus amongst PTC suggests that inactivation of this tumor suppressor is specific for FTC. In conclusion, LOH at 7q31 is a frequent event in differentiated thyroid cancer, and we have defined a 2 cM SCDR specific for FTC. 相似文献
23.
BACKGROUND: Alterations in mouth temperature may lead to changes in the force exerted by an activated superelastic wire. It has been assumed that variations in archwire stiffness associated with short-term cooling or heating are transient. This investigation studied the effect of short-term cooling or heating on the bending force exerted by nickel-titanium archwire. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six rectangular superelastic wires and one conventional nickel-titanium wire were tested in bending at 37 degrees C. The test specimens were deflected 0.5 mm, and the bending force was measured continually. The activated specimens were subjected to cold (10 degrees C) or hot (80 degrees C) water under constant deflection, simulating an inserted archwire that is subjected to cold or hot drinks or food during a meal. RESULTS: The conventional nickel-titanium wire was marginally affected by brief cooling or heating. In contrast, some of the superelastic wires were strongly affected by short-time application of cold or hot water. Whereas the effect of brief heating disappeared quickly, some wires continued to exert sub-baseline bending forces (up to 32% less) after short-time application of cold water and showed little or no tendencies toward increase even after 30 minutes of postexposure restitution (up to 43% less). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term exposures to hot liquid increased the bending force exerted for a given deflection transiently. The effect of short-term exposures to cold liquid was not always transient; the bending force remained sub-baseline for a number of the thermosensitive wires tested for a prolonged time. 相似文献
24.
Long-term exposure to cocaine can cause persistent behavioral changes and alterations in neuronal function. One cocaine-regulated mRNA in the rat brain is the beta-1 subunit of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase pump. We examined both Na+/K(+)-ATPase function and expression after cocaine treatment of pheochromocytoma cells. One-hour exposure to cocaine did not alter Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity, as measured by the ouabain-sensitive component of rubidium uptake. Four days of cocaine resulted in an approximately 30% decrease in Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity. Western blot analyses demonstrated an approximately 25% decrease in levels of the beta-1 isoform, without changes in pump total alpha subunit levels. Treatment with dopamine type 1 or type 2 receptor agonists for the same period did not affect Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity. The serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor paroxetine caused an approximately 45% decrease in rubidium uptake after 4 days, whereas pump function was not altered after treatment with either the dopamine-selective reuptake blocker nomifensine or the norepinephrine-selective reuptake blocker desipramine. Chronic treatment with both cocaine and LY 278,584, a serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist, did not replicate the cocaine-associated decrease in pump function. Long-term cocaine exposure regulates expression and function of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase pump in neuronal-like cells; this regulation is mediated in part via the serotonin type 3 receptor. Similar Na+/K(+)-ATPase pump regulation in vivo may selectively alter neuronal function in the mammalian brain. 相似文献
25.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether maintenance therapy can be discontinued safety in patients with quiescent cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) and increased CD4+ counts after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN: A prospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Eight human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with quiescent CMVR who were taking HAART and had CD4+ counts above 100 cells/microliter elected to discontinue anti-CMV maintenance treatment. INTERVENTION: Biweekly-to-monthly indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photographs, monthly-to-quarterly CD4+ counts, and quarterly HIV viral loads were ordered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twelve previously affected eyes were examined for evidence of recurrent retinitis, which was defined as any retinal whitening, border opacification, or expansion of areas of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy greater than 750 microns. Four previously unaffected fellow eyes were observed for new CMVR. RESULTS: There was no reactivation or progression of retinitis in any patient during the mean follow-up interval of 11.4 months (range, 3-16 months). No previously unaffected eye developed CMVR. CD4+ remained elevated in all patients (range, 70-725; mean, 255). The HIV viral load ranged from undetectable to 139,000 copies. CONCLUSION: Discontinuation of maintenance therapy may be considered in patients with HAART-induced elevated CD4+ counts above 100 cells/microliter, prolonged relapse-free intervals during the reconstitution period before CD4+ counts rise above 100 cells/microliter, and completely quiescent retinitis characterized by RPE scarring only. Reduced risks of drug toxicity and drug-resistant organisms are potential benefits. Close observation for evidence of recurrent retinitis is indicated. 相似文献
26.
MS McNeill DB Griffin TR Dockerty JP Walter HK Johnson JW Savell 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,76(6):1613-1620
Twenty-nine selected styles of subprimals or sections of veal were obtained from a commercial facility to assist in the development of a support program for retailers. They were fabricated into bone-in or boneless retail cuts and associated components by trained meat cutters. Each style selected (n = 6) was used to generate mean retail yields and labor requirements, which were calculated from wholesale and retail weights and processing times. Means and standard errors for veal ribs consisting of five different styles (n = 30) concluded that style #2, 7-rib 4 (10 cm) x 4 (10 cm), had the lowest percentage of total retail yield (P < .05) owing to the greatest percentage of bone. Furthermore, rib style #2 required the longest total processing time (P < .05). Rib styles #3, 7-rib chop-ready, and #5, 6-rib chop ready, yielded the greatest percentage of total retail yield and also had the shortest total processing time (P < .05). Within veal loins, style #2, 4 (10 cm) x 4 (10 cm) loin kidney fat in, had the greatest percentage fat (P < .05). Loin styles #2 and #3, 4 (10 cm) x 4 (10 cm) loin special trimmed, generated more lean and fat trimmings and bone, resulting in lower percentage of total retail yields than loin style #1, 0 (0 cm) x 1 (2.5 cm) loin special trimmed (P < .05). Results indicated that bone-in subprimals and sections required more processing time if fabricated into a boneless end point. In addition, as the number of different retail cuts increased, processing times also increased. 相似文献
27.
MA Piplani DG Disler TR McCauley TJ Holmes JP Cousins 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,198(3):855-859
PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of semiautomated quantification of articular cartilage volume from three-dimensional (3D) reformations of magnetic resonance (MR) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sagittal, fat-suppressed, 3D, spoiled gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging of two bovine and two human cadaver knees was performed. Articular cartilage volume was calculated from 3D reformations of the MR images by using a semiautomated program written at the authors' institution. Calculated volumes were compared with directly measured volumes of the surgically removed articular cartilage. RESULTS: The percentage of error of the MR imaging-determined volumes was 6.53% +/- 4.75 (mean +/- standard deviation). A strong correlation between the two sets of observations was shown (r=.997). Linear regression showed the calculated volumes to be highly accurate (slope=1.002, P>.25). Repeated reformations yielded volumes that were reproducible (mean absolute error, 0.013 mL +/- 0.019) and not significantly different from the measured volume (P>.10). CONCLUSION: Semiautomated quantification of knee articular cartilage from MR images yields highly accurate cartilage volumes. 相似文献
28.
Terminal chromosome associations ("satellite associations") in ASG-banded preparations have been used to determine the number and location of staellites in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). Five pairs of satellites are found in the former and four in the latter. Nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) were visualized with the Ag-AS silver precipitation technique, and their number and position corresponded exactly with the number and position of satellites in Phodopus, where positive chromosome identification can be made in the absence of banding. Numerical agreement is exact in Mesocricetus as well, and the morphology of the silver-tagged NOR-bearing chromosomes strongly suggests that corrrespondence also occurs in this species. 相似文献
29.
BM Cadre M Qi DM Eble TR Shannon DM Bers AM Samarel 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,30(11):2247-2259
Abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling in hypertrophied and failing hearts is partly due to changes in Ca2+ transporter gene expression, but the mechanisms responsible for these alterations remain largely unknown. We previously showed that intrinsic mechanical load (i.e. spontaneous contractile activity) induced myocyte hypertrophy, and down-regulated SR Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2) gene expression in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM). In the present study, we examined whether extrinsic mechanical load (i.e. cyclic stretch) also induced NRVM hypertrophy, and led to down-regulation of SERCA2 and other Ca2+ transporter genes which have been associated with cardiac hypertrophy and failure in vivo. NRVM were maintained in serum-free culture medium under control conditions, or subjected to cyclic mechanical deformation (1.0 Hz, 20% maximal strain, 48 h). Under these conditions, cyclic stretch induced NRVM hypertrophy, as evidenced by significant increases in total protein/DNA ratio, myosin heavy chain (MHC) content, and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) secretion. Cyclic stretch also induced the MHC isoenzyme "switch" which is characteristic of hemodynamic overload of the rat heart in vivo. Cyclic stretch significantly down-regulated SERCA2 and ryanodine receptor (RyR) mRNA and protein levels, while simultaneously increasing ANF mRNA. In contrast, Na+-Ca2+ exchanger and phospholamban mRNA levels were unaffected. Load-dependent SERCA2 and RyR down-regulation was independent of Ca2+ influx via voltage-gated, L-type Ca2+ channels, as cyclic stretch down-regulated SERCA2 and RyR mRNA levels in both control and verapamil-treated NRVM. These results indicate that extrinsic mechanical load (in the absence of other exogenous stimuli) induces NRVM hypertrophy and causes down-regulation of Ca2+ transporter gene expression. This in vitro model system should prove useful to dissect the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for transducing this phenotype during cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in vivo. 相似文献
30.
Klaus Sommermeyer Franz Cech Ulrich Hildebrand Edith Pfitzer Cornelia Baumbach 《Starch - St?rke》1992,44(6):215-218
Chromatographic Studies on the Polydispersity of Hydroxyethyl Starch. A representative sample of clinically used hydroxyethyl starch was separated by semipreparative HPSEC into narrow fractions in the range of approx. 3.000 to 800.000 D. The original sample and selected fractions were characterised by gaschromatographic methylation analysis according to their substitution degrees MS and DS, which were differentiated by the substitution positions at C2, C3 and C6 of the anhydroglucoses and their kind of glycosidic bonding α-1, α-1,4 or α-1,4,6, respectively. Furthermore, polydispersity in relations to the degree of branching was determined. Mark-Houwink and molecular weight distribution parameters determined by multi-detection HPSEC are reported. The presented data demonstrate a extensive homogeneity of the original sample. The clinical relevance is discussed. 相似文献