Simulation of the Process for Cumene Production by Alkylation of Benzene in Equilibrium Reactor

Shortcomings of the calculation of a cumene production reactor on the basis of kinetic reaction parameters obtained by quantum-chemical methods have been considered. The cumene production process in the reactor comprising an equilibrium reactor and a separator that is needed to take account of benzene evaporation has been modeled. A base model of equilibrium reactions occurring during benzene alkylation with the propylene fraction has been proposed. Results of the modeling of the design composition of the product stream have been compared with the actual data obtained on an Ufaorgsintez industrial unit. Adequacy of the developed model has been proved, as well as its applicability to calculation of the cumene yield in the alkylator.     

Platelet GPIIb-IIIa blockers

Regardless of the event that stimulates the aggregation of platelets, the receptor alpha(IIb)beta3--one of a family of adhesion receptors known as integrins--has a key role in the process. The past decade has seen the publication of 10 phase III (randomised) clinical trials of four members of a new class of antiplatelet drugs, the GPIIb-IIIa blockers, targeted at this important receptor. Three (abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban) are licensed for human use. 10 other GbIIb-IIIa blockers are in phase II or III human studies. In all 10 placebo-controlled trials, done in the clinical settings of percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome in patients on aspirin, the endpoints favoured the active drug, with a risk reduction for death or non-fatal myocardial infarction of about 21% overall. With attention to heparin dose the risk of bleeding is not a major concern with these agents. The GPIIb-IIIa blockers are taking the clinician and patient out of the era of aspirin monotherapy when platelet inhibition is required.