From beyond to within their grasp: The rudiments of analogical problem solving in 10- and 13-month-olds.

Four experiments were conducted to assess infants' ability to solve isomorphic problems and to explore the nature of early representations. Ten- and 13-month-olds attempted to solve problems that required combining 2 subgoals to bring a toy (goal object) within reach. A problem-series paradigm was used in which 3 tasks differing in surface features but sharing common goal structures and similar solutions were presented. The results indicate that 13-month-olds transferred a modeled solution strategy across isomorphic problems, whereas 10-month-olds did so only after experiencing either multiple source problems or high perceptual similarity between problems. Comprehension of the relations between solution actions and outcome, and between tools and target object, appeared critical to transfer. The results suggest that 1-year-olds can construct relatively abstract and flexible mental representations and that analogical problem solving may be 1 of the major accomplishments during the 1st year of life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Career Benefits Associated With Mentoring for Proteges: A Meta-Analysis.

Meta-analysis was used to review and synthesize existing empirical research concerning the career benefits associated with mentoring for the protege. Both objective (e.g., compensation) and subjective (e.g., career satisfaction) career outcomes were examined. Comparisons of mentored versus nonmemored groups were included, along with relationships between mentoring provided and outcomes. The findings were generally supportive of the benefits associated with mentoring, but effect sizes associated with objective outcomes were small. There was also some indication that the outcomes studied differed in the magnitude of their relationship with the type of mentoring provided (i.e.. career or psychosocial). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of attributional retraining on the career beliefs and career exploration behavior of college students.

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of attributional retraining as a career counseling technique for college students. Participants who received the attributional retraining treatment viewed an 8-min videotape designed to foster internal, controllable, and unstable attributions for career decision making. Participants in the control groups viewed a similar videotape that lacked any reference to career-related attributions. Results revealed that participants who received attributional retraining exhibited significant changes in career beliefs and attributional style and engaged in significantly more career exploration behavior than the participants in the control groups. An evaluation of attributional retraining as a career-counseling technique for college students is provided, and ideas for further research are suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

丹尼尔斯大厦 加拿大多伦多

正多伦多大学丹尼尔斯建筑、景观和设计学院的设计采用了分期的方法,包括修复和扩建以前称为"知识学院"的标志性建筑,将现有建筑物改造成与教学和需求更相关的框架体系。这个十九世纪遗址的总体规划是通过对预期用途模式和场地生态的分析而制定的,目的是重新定位校园西南角与安大略湖的轴线,并为学院创造新的特性。丹尼尔斯建筑、景观和设计学院需要一个可持续发展的新型工     

Cooperative Cover of Uniform Demand

Networks and Spatial Economics - We investigate the total covered area by multiple facilities applying the cooperative cover model. We found that the cooperative cover area is much larger than the...     

Electrochemical and salt spray analysis of multilayer ormosil/conversion coating systems for the corrosion resistance of 2024-T3 aluminum alloys

The corrosion resistance characteristics of multilayer coating systems comprised of a conversion coating base layer and an organically modified silicate (ormosil) topcoat have been analyzed using salt spray and potentiodynamic polarization curve analyses. The effectiveness of the multilayer coating systems was found to depend on the presence of an electrochemically active species in the conversion coating and on the presence of a curing agent in the ormosil system. Multilayer coatings systems comprised of conversion coatings that contain active corrosion inhibitors were found to provide high degrees of corrosion protection. In all cases, the presence of the ormosil was found to enhance the corrosion resistance of the underlying conversion coating. The use of multilayer ormosil/conversion coating systems enhances the corrosion protection of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy by combining previously developed corrosion protection methods with emerging sol-gel technology. Environmental Institute, Stillwater, OK 74078.     

Validation of the MEDFICTS dietary questionnaire: A clinical tool to assess adherence to American Heart Association dietary fat intake guidelines

Background  

Dietary assessment tools are often too long, difficult to quantify, expensive to process, and largely used for research purposes. A rapid and accurate assessment of dietary fat intake is critically important in clinical decision-making regarding dietary advice for coronary risk reduction. We assessed the validity of the MEDFICTS (MF) questionnaire, a brief instrument developed to assess fat intake according to the American Heart Association (AHA) dietary "steps".     

Subcortical cognitive impairment in dialysis patients

Given the high burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients, we hypothesized that cognitive testing would reveal subtle abnormalities in subcortical brain function, a measure frequently associated with cerebrovascular disease. Detailed neurocognitive testing was performed in 25 hemodialysis patients. All patients had Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores >24 and had no history of cerebrovascular disease. Where appropriate, scores were normalized for age, gender, and education. One-sample t tests were used to compare differences in cognitive function between dialysis patients and normative data. The mean age was 57 years, and the mean MMSE was 27.5. Fourteen subjects (56%) were females, and 15 white (60%). Results of the North American Adult Reading Test, a measure of verbal intelligence, were comparable with the general population. Similarly, measures of cortical function, namely retention and recognition scores from the Word List Learning subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III, were preserved when compared with normative data where reference = 10. Significant deficits were seen on tests assessing subcortical function: scores (mean+/-standard deviation) for block design, and symbol coding subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III were 7.0+/-1.7 and 7.7+/-3.1, respectively (p<0.001 for both comparisons with normative data). Similarly, adjusted scores on the trails A and B tests were 40.5+/-8.3 and 41.8+/-11.3, respectively (p<0.001 for both comparisons with normative data where reference= 50). These results suggest that, despite relatively normal MMSE scores, mild cognitive impairment may be prevalent in hemodialysis patients. The pattern of cognitive dysfunction is primarily subcortical in nature.     

Improving nanoprobes using surface-enhanced Raman scattering from 30-nm hollow gold particles

We report the development of nanoprobes that exploit the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from nonaggregated, hollow, gold nanospheres (HGNSs). The homogeneity of the HGNSs leads to a nearly 10-fold improvement in signal consistency over standard silver SERS substrates, which translates into a significant increase in sensitivity and dynamic range for the model application of pH sensing. Moreover, the small size (30-nm diameter) of these SERS-active nanoparticles represents a major step in advancing sensing technology based on SERS, making this technology more amenable to intracellular sensing.