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1.
Discusses the role of ethnocultural factors in understanding and treating substance abuse disorders. Research and theory suggest that acculturation experiences, sources of stress, coping mechanisms, social support variations, and beliefs about substance use are key factors associated with differential patterns of substance abuse among some ethnic groups, particularly African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans. In recent years, models of substance abuse intervention specifically targeting these ethnic groups have been developed. The author examines the movement toward culturally sensitive psychosocial treatment models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
Abstract. A vector time series model of the form A(L)y(t) + B(L)x(t) =ε(t) is known as a vector autoregressive model with exogenous variables (VARX model) and involves a regressand vector y(t) and a regressor vector x(t). This paper provides a method for the recursive fitting of subset VARX models. It suggests the use of ascending recursions in conjunction with an order selection criterion to choose an 'optimum' subset VARX model. 相似文献
3.
Anderson Ryan Terrell Jordan Schneider Judy Thompson Sean Gradl Paul 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2019,50(4):1921-1930
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Various additive manufacturing processes are being evaluated to reduce the time and cost for fabrication of low volume, complex, and multifunctional... 相似文献
4.
Avocado (Persea americana) is an important tropical fruit, but little is known about their antioxidant capacities and phytochemical composition. The objective of this research was to determine antioxidant capacities, total phenolic content and identify and quantify major antioxidant compounds in avocados of different strains and cultivars. Ripe Florida avocados from seven cultivars (Slimcado, Booth 7, Booth 8, Choquette, Loretta, Simmonds, and Tonnage) of West Indian or Guatemalan strains were separated into seeds, peels and pulp, and freeze dried. Hass avocado of Mexican strain was chosen for comparison. Samples were extracted with acetone/water/acetic acid solvent and analysed using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay for total phenolic content. Antioxidant capacities were determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and DPPH assays. Procyanidins were identified and quantified using HPLC-MSn. Antioxidant pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) were estimated spectrophotometrically. For all varieties, seeds contained the highest antioxidant capacities, phenolic content, and procyanidins, whereas the pulp had the lowest. Procyanidins, including catechin, epicatechin, A- and B-type dimers, A- and B-type trimers, tetramers, pentamers and hexamers, were identified in peels and seeds using normal-phase HPLC–ESI-MSn. Antioxidant capacities, phenolic contents and procyanidins in avocados were highly correlated, suggesting that procyanidins were the major phenolic compounds that contributed to antioxidant capacities. Carotenoids and chlorophylls were found to be concentrated in avocado peels but did not correlate with antioxidant capacities. This study suggested that avocado seeds and peels, industrial wastes of avocado processing, can be exploited as source of antioxidants. 相似文献
5.
Selecting a parsimonious subset autoregressive time series model is a valuable objective particularly where there is or may be evidence that a time series may have some form of periodic or quasi-periodic behaviour. An efficient model selection procedure is essential because of the large number of possible alternative models involved. The explanation of an increase in residual variance due to excluding a lag is examined in Hilbert space. As a result, a new statistic, the projection modulus , and its derivatives are developed to assess the significance of any lag in a model. The impact of deleting a lag, as measured by these statistics, helps to produce a selection procedure where true lags have less chance of being removed. We then assess an efficient subset autoregressive model selection procedure employing these statistics. The success of the proposed procedure is illustrated by its efficiency in identifying the true model for simulated and real data. 相似文献
6.
Abstract. Conventional methods to determine the forgetting factors in autoregressive (AR) models are mostly based on arbitrary or personal choices. In this paper, we present two procedures which can be used to select the forgetting factor in subset AR modelling. The first procedure uses the bootstrap to determine the value of a fixed forgetting factor. The second procedure starts from this base and applies the time-recursive maximum likelihood estimation to a variable forgetting factor. In one illustration using real exchange rates, we demonstrate the effect of the forgetting factor in subset AR modelling on ex ante forecasting of non-stationary time series. In a second illustration, these two procedures are applied to time-update forecasts for a stock market index. Subset AR models not including a forgetting factor act as a set of benchmarks for assessing ex ante forecasting performance, and consistently improved forecasting performance is demonstrated for these proposed procedures. 相似文献
7.
Martin Terrell 《Microprocessors and Microsystems》1983,7(1):33-36
Device sophistication and data-processing ability continue to grow steadily and new processing devices dedicated to special functions such as speech processing or data encryption are regularly being introduced or replaced by more powerful devices. As device manufacturers extend the power and applicability of devices, new system design concepts are needed. Not only are specialist disciplines required but also the question of integration arises, a problem, all too easily overlooked. This paper looks at the problems caused by increased complexity (such as in two-sided cards on buses) and puts forward suggestions as to how to improve reliability, such as protecting the system clock and limiting the amount of parallel I/O, at least on the system card. 相似文献
8.
Breeder-reactor fuel-cycle analysis can be divided into four different areas or categories. The first category concerns questions about the spatial variation of the fuel composition for single loading intervals. Questions of the variations in the fuel composition over several cycles represent a second category. Third, there is a need for a determination of the breeding capability of the reactor. The fourth category concerns the investigation of breeding and long-term fuel logistics. Two fuel-cycle models used to answer questions in the third and fourth area are presented.The space- and time-dependent actinide balance, coupled with criticality and fuel-management constraints, is the basis for both the Discontinuous Integrated Fuel-Cycle Model and the Continuous Integrated Fuel-Cycle Model. These models are derived by formally condensing the base equations through spatial integration. Cycle-average isotopic microscopic reaction rate and reactivity-worth coefficients, based on equilibrium behavior, complete the derivation of the discontinuous model. Approximating the discontinuous reload with continuous charge and discharge currents transforms the discontinuous model into the more mathematically elegant continuous model.The results of the continuous model are compared with results obtained from detailed two-dimensional space and multigroup depletion calculations. The continuous model yields nearly the same results as the detailed calculation, and this is with a comparatively insignificant fraction of the computational effort needed for the detailed calculation. Thus, the integrated model presented is an accurate tool for answering questions concerning reactor breeding capability and long-term fuel logistics. 相似文献
9.
Examined the effects of different types of reinforcement on the performance of 80 Black 2nd grade males on the WISC-R. Ss given candy or culturally relevant social reinforcement obtained significantly higher scores than Ss given either no reinforcement or traditional social reinforcement. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
10.
PURPOSE: We determined the impact of preexisting co-morbidities on survival of men with clinical stages T1b and T2NXM0 prostate cancer treated with surgery or radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A weighted co-morbidity score was determined for 276 consecutive men treated with surgery (138) or radiation therapy (138) at a Veterans Affairs medical center and was correlated with actuarial freedom from death due to co-morbid disease. RESULTS: After a median potential followup of 7.0 years 91 patients (33%) died of co-morbid disease and 20 (7%) died of cancer related causes. There were highly significant correlations between actuarial survival and weighted co-morbidity (p < 0.000001), and the 10-year actuarial survivals in men with no or severe co-morbidities were 66 and 9%, respectively. Associations between patient age and co-morbidity score were highly significant (p < 0.0001). The age adjusted risk of co-morbid death was 5.7 times greater in men with severe compared to no co-morbidities. There were also significant correlations between actuarial survival and weighted co-morbidity among patients treated with surgery (p = 0.02) and radiation therapy (p = 0.0002). Patient age and severity of co-morbidities were significantly greater among men treated with radiation therapy compared to surgery, and age adjusted risk of co-morbid death among men with a co-morbidity score of 1 was 3.8 times greater among men treated with radiation therapy (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Cancer related deaths are unusual within 5 to 10 years after surgery or radiation therapy in men with stages T1b and 2 prostate cancer. The risk of death during this interval is directly related to the severity of co-morbid conditions, which should be factored in an individual when assessing the advisability of therapeutic intervention. Since patient co-morbidities impact all cause survival, quantitative assessment of co-morbidities using validated instruments offers a method to control partially for the variabilities of health status among men receiving different treatments for localized prostate cancer. 相似文献