Race of counselor, client sex, cultural mistrust level, and premature termination from counseling among Black clients.

Administered an inventory designed to assess the extent to which they trusted White people to 135 27–41 yr old Black clients as they visited a community mental health center for the 1st time. Equal numbers of Ss were assigned to a Black and White counselor for an intake interview. Analyses of counselor's race, mistrust level, and Ss' sex in relationship to premature termination of counseling showed that significant percentages of shared variance were found for counselors' race and trust level. It is suggested that Black clients who are distrustful of White people should be seen by a Black counselor, at least initially. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cultural mistrust and its effects on expectational variables in Black client-White counselor relationships.

In a previous analog study by C. E. Watkins and F. Terrell (see record 1988-36489-001), it was found that highly mistrustful Blacks assigned to White rather than to Black counselors generally had lower expectations of counseling. To extend this earlier study, we examined the effects of cultural mistrust on Blacks' expectations about counselor credibility and counselor competence and their willingness to see someone like the described counselor for counseling. In a 2 (subject sex)?×?2 (subject mistrust level)?×?2 (counselor race) factorial design, subject mistrust level and counselor race interacted significantly on several dependent variables. In comparison to Blacks low on mistrust, highly mistrustful Blacks regarded the White counselor as less credible and less able to help them with four problem areas: general anxiety, shyness, inferiority feelings, and dating difficulties. The implications of the findings of Black client–White counselor relationships are discussed, and the further need for counselors to be aware of the cultural mistrust issue is emphasized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Investigation of TDAPBs as hole‐transporting materials for organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs)

The performance of organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) is strongly influenced by the electronic properties of the employed materials. In order to determine the effect of these materials' parameters, several different hole‐transporting 1,3,5‐tris(4‐diphenylaminophenyl)benzenes (TDAPBs) were synthesised. These TDAPBs contained different substituents, different numbers of substituents and different positions of theses substituents. For the evaluation of the electronic properties, cyclic voltammetry was employed in order to determine the HOMO values, and time‐of‐flight (TOF) measurements to obtain the hole mobilities. OLEDs were prepared consisting of the TDAPBs blended in a polymer matrix, and of Alq₃ as electron‐conducting and light‐emitting layer. These devices were investigated regarding their current density/voltage characteristics, efficiencies, onset voltages for electroluminescence, and lifetimes. For hole‐transporting blend systems an exponential relationship between the current density and the HOMO levels of the TDAPBs was found. However, even though the HOMO values cover a range from −5.09 to −5.35 eV, no effects on the performance of the OLEDs were detected for electroluminescent two‐layer systems. In this case the initial voltage seems to be a determining parameter for the behaviour of the devices during operation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The changed social context of testing.

By contrasting the social context in which tests were developed and the present-day social context, the authors shed light on the controversy about bias in tests. They note that an emphasis on selection—for which tests were designed in the early half of this century—has been largely replaced by widespread concern with equal opportunity. Proponents of tests claim that tests are unbiased because they accurately reflect ability. Critics argue that standardized tests are inappropriate because minority groups have lacked equal opportunity, and therefore their abilities are not accurately assessed. It is argued that current social values demand that testing should now be less concerned with unbiased predictive validity and more concerned with facilitating equal opportunity. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Acute renal failure: a study of the course and prognosis of 104 patients and of the role of furosemide

Cortisone, aldosterone or nialamide was administered to adrenalectomized or sham-operated rats for 7 days, and methamphetamine was injected 24 hrs after the last injection of these compounds. Stereotyped head movement and licking activity were scored 5 min, 30 min and 60 min after methamphetamine injection and, in parallel brain methamphetamine levels in similarly treated rats were measured 5 min, 30 min and 60 min after the methamphetamine injection. Adrenalectomy depressed stereotyped head movements but enhanced the brain amphetamine accumulation. Nialamide but not the hormones further increased the amphetamine accumulation in adrenalectomized rats. No drugs had any effect on the amphetamine-induced head movement suppressed by adrenalectomy.     

Melt viscosity characteristics of methacrylate–styrene copolymers

The activation energies of flow E_A of methacrylate–styrene copolymers containing n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-octadecyl, and cyclohexyl methacrylate have been investigated as a function of molecular weight, composition, and methacrylate monomer. Below a critical pendent group molar volume per chain unit (120 ± 10 ml Le Bas units), E_A was found to increase with molar volume; and above this value, a decrease in E_A was observed, reflecting a decrease in copolymer density. Copolymers with pendent group molar volumes per average chain unit of between 96 and 140 ml (Le Bas units) were found to exhibit sufficiently high E_A values to render them suitable for use in thermoplastic and photothermoplastic devices with superior development and erasure rates, at temperatures which enabled the attainment of the development and erasure viscosities with a low expenditure of heat energy. Methacrylate–styrene copolymers with long-chain ester methacrylates (viz., n-decyl and n-dodecyl methacrylate) were found to exhibit critical molecular weights M_c below 3000; and M_c was found to decrease with increasing methacrylate tail length and methacrylate concentration. These M_c values correspond to critical chain lengths Z_c below 45. Similar Z_c values have been previously reported for acrylonitrile–methyl methacrylate copolymers³⁰ and ethylene–propylene copolymers.²⁸