Effects of β-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial

Background  

Intermittent bouts of high-intensity exercise result in diminished stores of energy substrates, followed by an accumulation of metabolites, promoting chronic physiological adaptations. In addition, β-alanine has been accepted has an effective physiological hydrogen ion (H⁺) buffer. Concurrent high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and β-alanine supplementation may result in greater adaptations than HIIT alone. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of combining β-alanine supplementation with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on endurance performance and aerobic metabolism in recreationally active college-aged men.     

Exact polarised rib waveguide analysis

An exact Fourier operator transform method (F-OPT) is presented for finding the polarised mode propagation constants of a rib waveguide with any number of supporting layers and an arbitrary cladding. The implementation is of the order of one hundred times faster than the finite difference method for the same accuracy of the normalised propagation constant     

Reanalysis: A reply.

In replying to H. Abikoff and P. P. Ramsey's (see record 1980-03741-001) reanalysis of some of the present authors' (see record 1978-32185-001) data from a study of the cognitive-behavioral treatment of impulsive children, it is noted that covariance is likely to increase the differences between groups, but because of a negative relationship between the measures at pretreatment and follow-up, covariance reduced the group differences. A central clinical question—whether cognitive-behavioral interventions can result in treatment generalization—is considered; some recent evidence indicates supportive outcomes. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Teachers' perceptions of and reactions to misbehavior in traditional and open classrooms.

Compared teachers' disciplinary activities in traditional and open classrooms. Measures of teachers' discipline and criticism and children's misbehavior were derived from observations of 3 traditional and 3 open elementary school classrooms. The teachers' discipline and criticism scores were significantly higher (p     

Self-talk in youth with anxiety disorders: States of mind, content specificity, and treatment outcome.

This study investigated the relationship between childhood anxiety disorders, the valence and content of self-statements, and the impact of treatment on the internal dialogue. Participants (151 8- to 13-year-olds) included 71 youth with anxiety disorders and 80 control participants. Positive and negative self-statements and a states-of-mind (SOM) ratio were examined. Results indicated that the negative self-statements and SOM ratio (but not positive self-statements) of children with anxiety disorders significantly predicted anxiety. Results also indicated that negative (but not positive cognition) and SOM ratio predicted improvement in anxiety after treatment and mediated treatment gains. Results of analyses to explore the content specificity hypothesis were mixed. The impact of negative self-talk on children's anxious symptomatology and favorable treatment outcome is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adverse change in low-density lipoprotein subfractions profile with oestrogen-only hormone replacement therapy

In a prospective longitudinal study in 17 women, we investigated the effects of surgical menopause and subsequent oestrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL subfractions profile. Plasma LDL is a heterogeneous population of particles of varying size, density and chemical composition. The predominance of small LDL particles is a newly-recognized risk factor for coronary artery disease. The LDL score is used to describe LDL subfractions profile and the greater the score, the higher the proportion of small LDL particles. Six weeks after hysterectomy and bilateral oopherectomy, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.01) as well as the LDL score (p < 0.05). After 6 weeks of oestrogen-only HRT, total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower and HDL cholesterol concentration significantly higher than before the treatment (p < 0.05). At the same time, mean LDL score significantly increased and in none of the women did LDL subfractions profile change favourably.     

Empathy and socialization in repeat offenders, first offenders, and normals.

Results of 2 experiments indicate that normal undergraduates and first offenders both differed significantly from repeat offenders but not from each other on empathy and socialization. R. Hogan's (1969) model of moral development and implications for future research in terms of differentiating between first and repeat offenders in prison groups are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Estimation of rib waveguide radiation losses

An estimative procedure given recently for approximating radiation losses from indiffused waveguides is adapted to rib waveguides and compared with a recent Huygens-type solution for bending loss. The implications for the wider application of the estimative procedure are favourable