聚乙二醇在药物载体应用中的优缺点

聚乙二醇在基于聚合物的药物传递系统中是最常用的高分子同时也是隐形高分子的金标准.从第一个PEG化的产品上市到目前为止,人们获得了大量关于这种聚合物的临床经验-不仪有它的优点,而且也有潜在的副作用以及并发症.文章列举了PEG在生物医药领域应用的一系列优良性质和引起的毒副作用.     

液滴-蒸汽直接接触换热的研究

针对液滴-蒸汽直接接触换热过程提出了计算换热速率的模型,并对模型进行了实验验证。实验使用水滴-水蒸气的体系和实心圆锥形喷头,在4个不同的喷头压力下进行。将实验测得的结果与理论模型计算的结果进行对比,吻合良好,研究了换热过程的总换热系数随喷头的压力的变化规律。     

Extraction of Phospholipids from Structured Dry Egg Yolk

Chicken egg yolk is a concentrated source of phospholipids (PL). Extracting egg PL with high efficiency is vital to the availability and economics of this high-valued lipid product. In this study, two types of structured dry egg yolk materials, yolk flakes and pellets, were prepared. Two commonly used solvents, hexane and ethanol, were tested on the extraction of total yolk lipids including the PL. The PL fraction was obtained by the conventional cold acetone precipitation. The drum-dried yolk flakes were shown to be an ideal starting material for total lipid and PL extraction. Anhydrous ethanol can extract almost all the neutral lipids and PL with little change to the individual components of the native PL. A PL product with a purity of more than 90 % and a yield of 99 % can be prepared using this method.     

基于案例推理的HAZOP分析自动化框架

危险与可操作性（HAZOP）分析是一种广泛应用于化学流程工业的危险分析方法。为克服现有的HAZOP分析专家系统在“非常规”分析方面的局限性,提出了基于案例推理（CBR）的HAZOP分析自动化方法,描述了案例库及案例结构,给出了案例搜索策略。为便于案例库的知识管理,开发了案例构造器。工业实例应用结果表明,基于CBR的HAZOP专家系统突破了现有HAZOP专家系统没有学习能力和不能进行“非常规”分析的技术瓶颈。     

Isothermal crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyamide‐6 composites

Pristine and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were used to fabricate polyamide 6 (PA6) composites through melt blending. The functionalized MWNTs were obtained by grafting 1,6‐hexamethylenediamine (HMD) onto the pristine MWNTs to improve their compatibility with PA6 matrix. The effect of MWNTs on the isothermal crystallization and melting behavior of PA6 was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The Avrami and Lauritzen–Hoffmann equations are used to describe the isothermal crystallization kinetics. The values of the Avrami exponent found for neat PA6, the pristine MWNTs/PA6 and functionalized MWNTs/PA6 composite samples are about 4.0, 1.7, and 2.3, respectively. The activation energies are determined by the Arrhenius method, which is lower for the composites, ?320.52 KJ/mol for pristine MWNTs/PA6 and ?293.83 KJ/mol for functionalized MWNTs/PA6, than that for the neat PA6 (?284.71 KJ/mol). The following melting behavior reveals that all the isothermally crystallized samples exhibit triple melting endotherms at lower crystallization temperature and double melting endotherms at higher crystallization temperature. The multiple melting endotherms are mainly caused by the recrystallization of PA6 during heating. The resulting equilibrium melting temperature is lower for the composites than for neat PA6. In addition, polarizing microscopy (PLM) and small angle light scanning (SALS) were used to study the spherulite morphology. The results show that the MWNTs reduce the spherulite radius of PA6. This reduction is more significant for pristine MWNTs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

物流管理专业"基于工作过程"课程开发的探讨

在高等职业教育发展的过程中,课程改革是制约其发展的一大瓶颈。本文针对物流管理专业如何进行基于工作过程的课程开发阐述课程开发的指导思想、设计思路、原则、课程构架等,并对高职课程改革的思路与方法进行了探讨。     

高硫煤基高比表面积活性炭的制备与表征

以高硫、低阶煤为原料，采用硝酸钾预氧化后加KOH化学活化的工艺制备高比表面积活性炭.结果表明，在碱炭比为2.5：1，活化温度为850℃，活化时间为1.5h的工艺条件下可以制备出比表面积为2579.76m^2/g，苯酚吸附容量高达280.07mg/g的活性碳，最后对该活性炭产品进行了初步表征.     

TS法的改进及其在求解化工优化问题中的应用

TS算法属于现代优化算法,是局部领域搜索法的推广,常用于求解组合优化问题.利用TS法搜索过程的有向性和能够跳离局部最优解的特点,对其进行了改造,以适应求解连续变量化工优化问题.首先,根据化工优化问题变量的特性,提出了一种简便的邻域映射方案,并改进了迭代过程中自适应因子的下降函数;进一步分析对比了禁忌步数、自适应因子和初始解等参数对于优化结果的影响.然后通过算例和换热网络优化问题的求解,表明改造后的TS法在求解连续变量化工优化问题中的有效性,及其在化工优化领域的发展价值.     

表达重组人可溶性TRAIL的毕氏酵母发酵工艺

目的优化rhsTRAIL毕氏酵母工程菌在5L发酵罐中的发酵表达工艺参数。方法研究培养基种类、细胞密度、甘油含量、pH值、甲醇浓度、甲醇流加速率及诱导时间等参数对工程菌生长及目的蛋白表达的影响,并用电镜观察其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡特征。结果在无机盐培养基中,按10%接种A600=8～12的种菌后,24h酵母菌增殖至A600=76;甘油含量为1%时,菌体生长速度快(A600=160);培养基pH值5.0,甲醇终浓度为1%时,诱导96h表达量最高达到120mg/L,并具有诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡特征。结论rhsTRAIL毕氏酵母的发酵工艺参数为无机盐培养基,pH值5.0,接种10%A600=8～12的种菌,甘油含量1%,甲醇终浓度1%,诱导96h。     

气相色谱法检测液化石油气中各组分和二甲醚含量分析

本文采用二甲醚专用分析柱对二甲醚和液化石油气组分含量进行气相色谱法分析。实验表明,该方法对二甲醚、C2、C3、C4以及C5各组分都有良好的分离效果,测定结果回收率在98.46%~102.36%,有较好的准确度和精密度;同时能够满足标准《SH/T 0230-1992》对色谱柱的分离要求和实验结果的精密度要求。