Age differences in coping with chronic illness.

We examined the correlation between age and six coping strategies in a sample of 151 middle-aged and older chronically ill adults. Coping strategies included cognitive restructuring, emotional expression, wish fulfilling fantasy, self-blame, information seeking, and threat minimization. Older adults were less likely to use emotional expression or information seeking than were middle-aged adults in their efforts to cope with the illness. These strategies were related to age even when numerous illness characteristics (e.g., physical limitations) were used to control variables. Interaction effects showed that older adults who perceived their illnesses as highly serious were less likely than were others to cope by seeking information, reconstruing their illness as having positive aspects, or engaging in wishfulfilling fantasies, and more likely to cope by simply minimizing the illness's threat. Consideration of related research studies suggests that the age differences in emotional expression may be due to age-related shifts in the types of stresses experienced, whereas the age differences in information seeking may be more strongly linked to cohort phenomena. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effect of germination on seed trypsin inhibitors in Vicia faba and Cicer arietinum

During germination, trypsin inhibitor (TI) content increased relative to total protein and dry weight in cotyledons from two varieties of Vicia faba. These data, together with changes in total protein profiles and amounts, suggest that TI proteins are not hydrolysed in parallel with other seed proteins and dry matter. In contrast, TI content in germinating Cicer arietinum seeds remained constant during the germination period; in this case, however, substantial changes in the total protein profile were not observed. TI isoform analyses indicated that compositional changes occurred during germination in both species. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Predicting Performance Times From Deliberate Practice Hours for Triathletes and Swimmers: What, When, and Where Is Practice Important?

In Studies 1 and 2, the authors evaluated deliberate practice theory through analyses of the relationship between practice and performance for 2 populations of athletes: triathletes and swimmers, respectively. In Study 3, the authors obtained evaluations of practice from athletes' diaries. Across athletes, length of time involved in fitness activities was not related to performance. For the triathletes, a significant percentage of variance in performance was captured by practice. This was not so for sprint events for the swimmers, in which gender was a significant predictor. In the diaries, physical activities were perceived as enjoyable. In contrast to the results obtained from questionnaires, enjoyment did not covary with an activity's relevance to improving performance. Although these findings highlight the importance of sport-specific practice, the authors question a domain-independent account of expertise based on deliberate practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Molecular morphology of petaloid bases of PET bottles: A small‐angle X‐ray scattering study

Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) studies were undertaken to explore possible morphological explanations for poor mechanical strength in the petaloid bases of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles. The bottles were manufactured using a two‐stage injection stretch blow molding process. Splitting of PET bottle bases under load is both inconvenient and expensive. In this study, SAXS data were collected with a 100 μm square X‐ray beam to establish the molecular morphology as a function of position across the base topology. An amorphous region was identified in the base center (i.e., close to the injection gate of the preform) with biaxially orientated, semicrystalline regions in the feet and valleys of the bottle bases. For bottles that had split under load, the transition between these two regions displayed uniaxial orientation that would lead to reduced mechanical strength in the circumferential direction. Reasons for this effect are explored. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3328–3335, 2006     

Finite elements for three-dimensional elastic crack analysis

An elastic three-dimensional finite element which allows the mode I–mode II inverse square root crack front singularity is described. A three-dimensional solution for the compact tension fracture specimen resulting from use of the element is given. The variation of the stress intensity factor along the crack front is discussed along with the general features of the stress variation from the front. The computer programming of the formulation is discussed and a FORTRAN listing of it is described.     

Validation of the Child Premorbid Intelligence Estimate method to predict premorbid Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition Full Scale IQ among children with brain injury.

Determination of neuropsychological impairment involves contrasting obtained performances with a comparison standard, which is often an estimate of premorbid IQ. M. R. Schoenberg, R. T. Lange, T. A. Brickell, and D. H. Saklofske (2007) proposed the Child Premorbid Intelligence Estimate (CPIE) to predict premorbid Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-4th Edition (WISC-IV; Wechsler, 2003). The CPIE includes 12 algorithms to predict FSIQ, 1 using demographic variables and 11 algorithms combining WISC-IV subtest raw scores with demographic variables. The CPIE was applied to a sample of children with acquired traumatic brain injury (TBI sample; n = 40) and a healthy demographically matched sample (n = 40). Paired-samples t tests found estimated premorbid FSIQ differed from obtained FSIQ when applied to the TBI sample (ps ≤ .01). When applied to healthy peers, estimated and obtained FSIQ did not differ (ps > .02). The demographic only algorithm performed well at a group level, but estimates were restricted in range. Algorithms combining single subtest scores with demographics performed adequately. Results support the clinical application of the CPIE algorithms. However, limitations to estimating individual premorbid ability, including statistical and developmental factors, must be considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

宝马体验店

<正>灵感来自宝马轿车过去的历史以及现在宝马轿车广为人知的造型,本案的设计目标是将这些通过这间零售商店巧妙地进行展示。本案的设计不仅强化了宝马品牌     

Facile Synthesis of Monodisperse Mesoporous Zirconium Titanium Oxide Microspheres with Varying Compositions and High Surface Areas for Heavy Metal Ion Sequestration

Monodisperse mesoporous zirconium titanium oxide microspheres with varying compositions (Zr content from 0 to 100%), high surface areas (up to 413 m²/g) and well‐interconnected mesopores are synthesized via a combined sol–gel self‐assembly and solvothermal process. Surface areas, pore diameters, crystallinity and mesostructures of the products are controlled by changing the composition of the microspheres. The resulting mesoporous microspheres are tested as adsorbents to remove Cr (VI) anions from solution and the binary oxides show very high adsorption capacities (>25.40 mg/g, that is 0.49 mmol/g) in contrast to previously reported oxides (4.25 mg/g for TiO₂, 4.47 mg/g for α‐Fe₂O₃, 5.8 mg/g for CeO₂). The maximum adsorption capacities of the mesoporous microspheres of varying compositions correlate with the amount of surface hydroxyl groups on the materials. A maximum adsorption capacity of 29.46 mg/g (0.57 mmol/g) is achieved on the microspheres containing 30% Zr due to abundant active hydroxyl groups for heavy metal ion adsorption. Owing to their integrated features (including variable compositions, high specific surface area, tunable pore size and monodisperse grain size) as well as specific acid‐base surface properties, such mesoporous zirconium titanium oxide microspheres are also expected to have potential either as catalysts or catalyst supports for industrial applications.