Electrode Design for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Problems and Solutions

Pursuit of advanced batteries with high‐energy density is one of the eternal goals for electrochemists. Over the past decades, lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have gained world‐wide popularity due to their high theoretical energy density and cost effectiveness. However, their road to the market is still full of thorns. Apart from the poor electronic conductivity of sulfur‐based cathodes, LSBs involve special multielectron reaction mechanisms associated with active soluble lithium polysulfides intermediates. Accordingly, the electrode design and fabrication protocols of LSBs are different from those of traditional lithium ion batteries. This review is aimed at discussing the electrode design/fabrication protocols of LSBs, especially the current problems on various sulfur‐based cathodes (such as S, Li₂S, Li₂S_x catholyte, organopolysulfides) and corresponding solutions. Different fabrication methods of sulfur‐based cathodes are introduced and their corresponding bullet points to achieve high‐quality cathodes are highlighted. In addition, the challenges and solutions of sulfur‐based cathodes including active material content, mass loading, conductive agent/binder, compaction density, electrolyte/sulfur ratio, and current collector are summarized and rational strategies are refined to address these issues. Finally, the future prospects on sulfur‐based cathodes and LSBs are proposed.     

Ga_(1-x)Al_xP混晶的长波长光学声子谱

本文报道Ga_(1-x)Al_xP混晶的室温喇曼散射测试结果。所用的样品用液相外延方法生长在〈111〉晶向的GaP衬底上。混晶组分x值在0.16—0.65之间。实验结果表明,Ga_(1-x)Al_xP混晶的长波长光学声子谱呈现双模行为,具有类GaP和类AIP两个光学支。     

基于线阵CCD的微型光谱仪的研制

为了满足环境污染检测等工业实际应用的需要,便于系统的集成、降低成本,研制了基于CCD芯片的微型光谱仪,重点介绍了仪器的光学和电子学设计。光学系统采用了非对称交叉式Czerny-Turner分光结构,使用线阵CCD为光探测元件;电子学设计部分结合单片机智能化控制的特点和复杂可编程逻辑器件时序准确、可编程的优点实现了高效、灵活的光谱数据采集。 CCD光谱仪的性能测试表明,该光谱仪光谱覆盖范围为350 nm - 780 nm,光谱分辨率达到了0.6 nm,信噪比近500。     

基于GaN FET的LED微显示单片集成技术研究进展

发光二极管(LED)微显示技术由于其潜在应用而倍受关注.与主流的基于硅基驱动器的LED微显示技术不同,采用GaN场效应晶体管(FET)驱动的LED微显示技术制作的器件具有可靠性高和制作工艺简单等优势.总结了各种GaN FET驱动LED微显示的器件结构及性能,这些器件结构包括:直接利用LED外延结构制作FET驱动微型LED发光像素的横向集成结构、HEMT驱动微型LED发光像素的横向叠层结构、纳米线GaN FET驱动LED发光像素的垂直叠层结构.对基于GaN FET驱动的LED微显示技术的进展进行了综述.对GaN FET驱动的LED微显示技术的应用前景和研究方向进行了展望.     

Hole Transport Materials Based on 6,12‐Dihydroindeno[1,2‐b]fluorine with Different Periphery Groups: A New Strategy for Dopant‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Although several hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) have been designed to obtain perovskite solar cells (PSCs) devices with high performance, the dopant‐free HTMs for efficient and stable PSCs remain rare. Herein, a rigid planar 6,12‐dihydroindeno[1,2‐b]fluorine (IDF) core with different numbers of bulky periphery groups to construct dopant‐free HTMs of IDF‐SFXPh, IDF‐DiDPA, and IDF‐TeDPA is modified. Thanks to the contributions of the planar IDF core and the twisted SFX periphery groups, the dopant‐free IDF‐SFXPh‐based PSCs device achieves a device performance of 17.6%, comparable to the doped 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD)‐based device (17.6%), with much enhanced device stability under glovebox and ambient conditions.     

基于能量中心的电力机车接触导线几何参数视觉检测方法

传统的电力机车接触导线几何参数检测方法存在若干不足。根据检测要求和磨损后接触线的图像特征,提出了基于双目视觉技术的在线、非接触、多参数综合测量方法。对基于LOG 算子的线条边缘图像处理方法的误差进行了深入的理论分析,在此基础上提出了采用图像能量中心算法的边缘定位新方法,并进行了数值模拟。仿真结果表明:能量中心算法的抗干扰和抗模糊能力更强,定位精度更高。以不同高度、拉出值和磨损宽度的圆钢为检测对象进行了验证实验,并与激光测距仪和数显式游标卡尺检测的结果进行了比对。实验表明,能量中心算法的边缘检测精度优于LOG 算法,同时,提出的测量方法示值误差小、重复性较好,能够满足接触线在线、非接触综合检测的需要。     

基于CNN特征的宽频段智能测向方法

当前电磁环境日益复杂,利用机器学习方法实现快速且精确的宽频段无线电测向逐渐成为研究的热点。使用卷积神经网络基于端到端的方式完成宽频段测向的方法能够在一定程度上解决宽频段相位模糊的问题,但卷积运算后特征维数大大增加,稀疏的特征影响了最后一层全连接前馈神经网络的分类效果。针对这一问题,提出将无线电测向分为特征学习任务和方向预测任务,使用卷积神经网络作为特征提取器,将通过多层卷积运算得到的结果视为二次提取的特征,作为方向预测任务的输入;针对二次提取特征的稀疏性,提出使用主成分分析算法对特征进行降维,并将稀疏性降低后的特征作为后续分类器的输入。此外,针对特征的特点,探索了几种分类模型作为分类器的效果,包括决策树、随机森林、径向基函数神经网络和K-近邻。实验结果表明,使用主成分分析算法对特征进行降维能够提升训练和测试效率;采用K-近邻构成分类器的准确度明显高于原卷积神经网络的准确度;若需要兼顾准确度和测向效率,采用随机森林构成分类器的效果最好。     

Engineering Bioactive M2 Macrophage-Polarized Anti-Inflammatory,Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Scaffolds for Rapid Angiogenesis and Diabetic Wound Repair

Diabetic wound healing still faces great challenges due to the excessive inflammation, easy infection, and impaired angiogenesis in wound beds. The immunoregulation of macrophages polarization toward M2 phenotype that facilitates the transition from inflammation to proliferation phase has been proved to be an effective way to improve diabetic wound healing. Herein, an M2 phenotype-enabled anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial conductive hydrogel scaffolds (GDFE) for producing rapid angiogenesis and diabetic wound repair are reported. The GDFE scaffolds are fabricated facilely through the dynamic crosslinking between polypeptide and polydopamine and graphene oxide. The GDFE scaffolds possess thermosensitivity, self-healing behavior, injectability, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability, and electronic conductivity. GDFE effectively activates the polarization of macrophages toward M2 phenotype and significantly promotes the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts, the migration, and in vitro angiogenesis of endothelial cells through paracrine mechanisms. The in vivo results from a full-thickness diabetic wound model demonstrate that GDFE can rapidly promote the diabetic wound repair and skin regeneration, through fast anti-inflammation and angiogenesis and M2 macrophage polarization. This study provides highly efficient strategy for treating diabetic wound repair through designing the M2 polarization-enabled anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial bioactive materials.     

一种改进的安全访问控制矩阵模型

操作系统安全保密的核心是访问控制。基本访问控制矩阵作为一种数学模型,在许多实际系统的访问控制中得到了应用,但是它不能满足对安全性有特殊要求的操作系统。本文在基本访问控制矩阵的基础上加上了访问条件,提出了一种三维访问控制矩阵;并且就主体和客体按访问条件的分类对这种矩阵的简化提出了一些看法。作为上述观点的实际例子,本文还介绍了一种非接触式IC卡的访问控制机制。     

九江长江干流江岸赤心堤段高压喷射灌浆施工

介绍了江西省九江长江干流江岸赤心堤段高压喷射灌浆设计与施工,并对高喷灌浆效果进行了评价,分析资料表明高喷灌浆达到了预期的良好效果,所采用的施工工艺合适可行。