Schadensverhütung in Chemiebetrieben durch systematische Schadensuntersuchung

Prevention of Damage in Chemical Plants through Systematic Failure Analysis The necessity of insuring both the safety and the efficiency of chemical plants requires a thorough knowledge of the range of strain caused by the particular operating conditions as well as the reaction of the materials. The systematic failure analysis offers a significant possibility of closing gaps in the knowledge of this field. Independent of the particular failure the procedure of any failure analysis is characterized by specific recurring stages in the phases of decision, evaluation, and examination. The methods of failure analyses are illustrated in the paper by several examples derived from the experiences made in a chemical plant. An outline is given about the possibilities and information limits of the test methods. Failure analysis does not only contribute to a better understanding of materials behaviour but to better design too. Besides that it stimulates developments with regard to materials composition, processing, testing, and standardizing. The experience derived from failure analyses ought to be documented as well as widely published.     

Untersuchungen über gestaltungsbedingte Einflüsse auf die Bauteilzähigkeit

Tests on influence of shape to structural member toughness . Supplementary to former work on temperature depending toughness of boiler plate and low temperature steel vessels, influences of shape and manufacturing are investigated with model vessels of a different design, made of boiler plate. The expected influences seem to be evident only with regard to bursting behaviour of the vessels depending on temperature, whilst toughness behaviour may be estimated – without dependence on shape – by materials property data (crack arrest temperature and impact transition temperature).     

Zum Einsatz der Mikrosonde im Rahmen der Betriebsüberwachung und der Untersuchung von Schadensfällen

Contribution to the application of the X-ray microprobe within production control and investigation of failures . On the basis of several selected cases the application of the X-ray microprobe within production control and investigation of failures is discussed. The influence of sulphur on nickel as well as that of vitriolic acid on cast iron is demonstrated to show examples of reciprocal actions between metals and environment. The final state of diffusion processes which occur during welding of copper and aluminium as of unsufficiently cleaned low carbon nickel is described. The effects of high temperatures are demonstrated for a X 8 CrNiNb 16 13 header exposed to long time service and of a 14 NiCr 8 pinion being heated and quenchend in a very short period of time. The influence of microchemical composition on the shape of fracture surface of stressed X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 3 corrosion test specimens is examined. The identity of the materials of a damaged X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 10 shaft case from a chemical pump and a piece of sintered metal found adjacent to the bearing is demonstrated.     

Spannungen und Formänderungen bei der plastischen Biegung von Stäben mit Rechteckquerschnitt

Zusammenhänge zwischen der Spannungsverteilung im Inneren und den bleibenden Formänderungen an der Oberfläche plastisch verformter Biegeproben mit unterschiedlichen Rechteckquerschnitten. Übergänge zwischen dem ebenen Spannungs- und dem ebenen Formänderungszustand. Anwendung der abgeleiteten Beziehungen auf Meßergebnisse an dem Stahl St 37–3.     

Bücherschau

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