Open systems interconnection — the teletex-based session protocol: Part 1

Two draft proposals for an international standard for the teletex-based session protocol have now been considered by the ISO. The ECMA 75 protocol has been found to be relatively complex as a result of ECMA having to sort out some weak points within the protocol. S.62, proposed by the CCITT, is quite suitable for the kernel of the session service, but not for the entire service. The paper suggests possible developments towards an international standard, and discusses the specification of the BAS subset. It then examines the services available, and how they operate. A proposal for a standard for service conventions is presented, along with a summary of the parameters of the service elements.     

Peroxid-induzierte thioladdition an polybutadien

The free-radical addition of 1-octanediol or 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol on polybutadiene occurs redox-induced with dibenzoylperoxid (DBPO) at room temperature, without any side-reaction. 1,4-trans double bonds do not undergo thiol reactions, similar to the photochemical addition. The molecular weight distribution of the products is comparable with that of the initial polybutadiene.     

Involvement of the olfactory bulb in consolidation processes associated with long-term memory in rats.

In a daily training paradigm, rats were trained to discriminate between spatially distinct electrical stimulations delivered to one olfactory bulb. Xylocaine injections were used to disrupt the olfactory bulb functioning in the region close to the electrode tips for 1 hr after each training session. The treatment started either just after the session or 2 hrs later. When compared with the performance of saline-injected rats, the performance of Xylocaine-injected rats was unimpaired except when the treatment started just after the daily session. In that case, acquisition of the task was slightly altered, and retention over a 5-day period was dramatically impaired. It is concluded that, within 1 hr following training, the olfactory bulb is engaged in consolidation processes critical for long-term retention of learned olfactory cues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Open systems interconnection — the teletex-based session protocol: Part 2

The development of an international standard for the teletex-based session protocol has involved combining the best points of two draft proposals, ECMA 75 and S.62. Recently, the ISO has completed a specification comprising three subsets: the ISO/ECMA subset, the ISO/CCITT subset and the null functionality subset. The paper discusses the development of the standard, lays out the specification and describes the operation of each of the protocol phases. Three appendices describe the conformance problem and the BAS subset, protocol machines and the interworking problem.     

Synthesis of Microporous Carbon Nanofibers and Nanotubes from Conjugated Polymer Network and Evaluation in Electrochemical Capacitor

One‐dimensional fibers and tubes are constructed through the oriented carbon‐carbon cross‐linking reactions towards rigid conjugated polymer networks. As the result, a template‐free and one‐step synthesis of CNTs and CNFs is achieved through a simple carbonization of the as‐formed carbon‐rich tubular and fiberlike polyphenylene precursors under argon. Microporous CNTs and CNFs with a surface area up to 900 m² g^–1 are obtained, together with HR‐TEM characterizations indicating the formation of intrinsic microporous structure in these rigid carbon‐rich networks. The primary electrochemical experiments reveal their promising applications as advanced electrodes in electrochemical double‐layered capacitor (EDLC).     

Sustainable sunflower processing — I. Development of a process for the adsorptive decolorization of sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.] protein extracts

A novel process for the production of light-colored sunflower protein isolates was developed, combining mild-acidic protein extraction with adsorptive removal of phenolic compounds. Four commercial food-grade adsorbent and three ion exchange resins were tested with regard to their affinity towards polyphenols. Amberlite™ XAD 16HP and FPX 66 showed optimal decolorization of the sunflower crude extracts. In contrast, ion exchange resins exerted maximal binding of monomeric phenolic compounds, but were less effective in removing colored compounds. Adsorption behavior of individual resins was assessed by adding resin to protein extracts varying the amounts of resin, protein concentration of the solutions and temperature. Furthermore, a D-optimal experimental design was applied to optimize adsorptive polyphenol removal from sunflower protein extracts using a styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer. Adsorption isotherms were determined for 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and total phenolics, respectively. Optimal conditions were deduced from experiments at different temperatures, with different flow rates and extract concentrations. Finally, adsorbent and ion exchange resin columns were connected in series and successfully applied to produce light-colored sunflower protein on a pilot scale under the conditions optimized in laboratory experiments, thus demonstrating that this technology can easily be integrated into existing process lines.

Industrial relevance

A vital necessity to exploit novel protein sources arises from the increasing demand for human nutrition. Residues originating from sunflower oil production are rich in proteins and might serve as a source of plant proteins, which has not been valorized so far. This is due to their high contents of phenolic compounds that may interfere with the proteins lowering their nutritional value and impairing their sensory properties. Therefore, a process for mild-acidic protein extraction combining adsorption and ion exchanger technology for the removal of polyphenols from crude sunflower extracts was developed in the present study.     

Crystalline Nanorods as Possible Templates for the Synthesis of Amorphous Biosilica during Spicule Formation in Demospongiae

In tandem : High‐resolution TEM shows that during the initial stages of demosponge spicule formation, a primordial crystalline structure is formed within the axial filament. The recently developed electron diffraction tomography technique (ADT) reveals that the nanorods have a layered structure that matches smectitic phyllosilicates. These intracellular nanorods have been considered as precursors of mature spicules.

     

Peptidyl Vinyl Ketone Irreversible Inhibitors of Rhodesain: Modifications of the P2 Fragment

In this paper, we report the design, synthesis and biological investigation of a series of peptidyl vinyl ketones obtained by modifying the P2 fragment of previously reported highly potent inhibitors of rhodesain, the main cysteine protease of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Investigation of the structure–activity relationship led us to identify new rhodesain inhibitors endowed with an improved selectivity profile (a selectivity index of up to 22 000 towards the target enzyme), and/or an improved antitrypanosomal activity in the sub-micromolar range.