The mechanism of excited ion emission

Mechanisms of sputtered excited ion formation under bombardment of light metals have been considered. A quantitative analysis of experimental data on ion-photon, ion-electron and ion-ion emissions within a common kinetic mechanism has been carried out. High efficiency of this mechanism for formation of excited Mg II and Al II ions has been quantitatively shown. A preferential population of the triplet states of the excited Al II ions has been explained. The kinetic mechanism (KM) is shown to be not responsible for excited Be II ion emission in the range of the primary ion energy of ～1–10 keV. A quantitative estimate is reported and high efficiency of the ‘shake-up’-type mechanism for excited Be II ion formation is shown. The probability of exciting the sputtered ions by secondary electrons is shown to be low.     

Computerized testing.

Professionals using computerized testing require substantial training in the principles and procedures of testing and an awareness of the variables that affect test-taking behavior, such as distractions, sensory defects, and motivational level. Legal and ethical considerations involved in the use of automated interpretation services are noted, and the question of the comparability of standard and computerized tests is discussed. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The nature of the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in thymectomized animals exposed to the action of ionizing radiation

To study the character of the experimental autoimmune haemolytic anaemia formation in thymectomized mice, which were irradiated in 1.0 Gy dose. Shown, autoimmune process is result in most aggressive course in thymectomized irradiated mice with autoimmune anaemia than in irradiated mice with autoimmune anaemia. This pathology was connected with decrease of the T-suppressor function. Via 20th weeks the autoimmune process was practically depressed.     

Nausea, vomiting, and retching: the management of the symptom experience

OBJECTIVES: To examine the physiology of nausea, vomiting, and retching (NVR); the impact of NVR on the patient: current measures to control NVR; and selfcare interventions. DATA SOURCES: Research studies, abstracts, and review articles relating to NVR associated with cancer treatment as well as pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Management of the individual symptoms of NVR require expert, ongoing assessment of the patient's symptom experience that extends beyond the clinic or hospital visit. Although a number of pharmacological antiemetic agents are currently available and additional antiemetic drugs are in phase II or II trials, nonpharmacological interventions are essential to achieve effective management. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Continual assessment of the individual's symptom experience is imperative. Effective management of the symptom experience depends on the oncology nurses's ability to implement current knowledge of antiemetic, and other drugs; non-pharmacological interventions; and cost-effective and clinically useful patient outcomes.     

Alcohol binding to liposomes by 2H NMR and radiolabel binding assays: does partitioning describe binding?

Implicit within the concept of membrane-buffer partition coefficients of solutes is a nonspecific solvation mechanism of solute binding. However, (2)H NMR studies of the binding of (2)H(6)-ethanol and [1-(2)H(2)] n-hexanol to phosphatidylcholine vesicles have been interpreted as evidence for two distinct alcohol binding modes. One binding mode was reported to be at the membrane surface. The second mode was reported to be within the bilayer interior. An examination of the (2)H NMR binding studies, together with direct radiolabel binding assays, shows that other interpretations of the data are more plausible. The results are entirely consistent with partitioning (nonspecific binding) as the sole mode of alcohol binding to liposomes, in accord with our previous thermodynamic interpretation of alcohol action in phosphatidylcholine liposomes.     

Features of external respiration and pulmonary hyperemia in man during immersion

Reactions of external respiration on catheterization of main blood vessels were studied in healthy subjects following 12 hr and 5-6 day immersion. The purpose of the investigation was to detect respiratory signs of hyperemia in pulmonary circulation under these conditions. Results of the investigation were compared with the data of great vessel catheterization in patients of a cardiological clinic afflicted with cardiac diseases with lung hyperemia and lung tissue hyperhydration. The results obtained failed to confirm suppositions about elevated blood filling of the lung and a possible increase of lung tissue hydration during water immersion. Catheterization of great vessels in patients and healthy subjects in most cases leads to an increase of respiratory minute volume. In patients with cardiac diseases the respiratory minute volume grew with an adequate rise in breathing rate, respiratory volume and gas exchange parameters unaltered; this suggested excessive blood filling of the lung and resulting higher respiratory resistance. After immersion the healthy subjects displayed an utterly different pattern, i.e. the growth of their respiratory minute volume was provided exclusively by the growth of respiratory volume while breathing rate did not change and gas exchange increased. These observations were considered an evidence of hyperemia and hyperhydration of pulmonary tissue.     

The 3-D computational modeling of shear-dominated ductile failure in steel

This paper presents recent advances in the computational analysis of the failure mechanisms in high-strength steel. Computational issues are described regarding modeling of the geometry, distribution, and material behavior of the dispersed phases present in the microstructure of steel. The investigation of the failure mechanisms using computational cell model methodology in two and three dimensions is then presented with an emphasis on microvoid-induced shear failure occurring at the scale of submicrometer grain-refining carbide precipitates. The failure of a three-dimensional particle cluster extracted from tomographic analysis of an engineering alloy is simulated. Finally the cell model results are used to simulate the failure of the material at the macro-scale.     

Results of surgical correction of constriction function of cardia

The results of surgical correction of insufficiency of locking function of cardia in 113 patients are analysed. The X-ray and endoscopic examination, intraesophageal measurement of pH, manometry in esophago-gastric connection were used to study the reasons of cardia insufficiency in chronic diseases of gastro-intestinal tract. The indications for surgical correction of this status are formulated. The original operation of the dosed out cardio-esophagofundoplication is advocated as the most effective operation in such condition. The rate of morbidity after this type of surgery is 3.1% vs. 41.9% after the fundoplicatin by the method of Nissen.