The course of diffuse peritonitis has been followed up in 219 patients, 20 of these with the reactive, 165 with toxic, and 34 with the terminal stages of the condition. Multiple-modality intensive care included, besides routine therapy, local abdominal hypothermia, UV irradiation of autoblood (UVIAB), and, if indicated, hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) and hemoperfusion. In addition to clinical tests, immunobiochemical monitoring of medium-molecular peptide fractions MM1 and MM2 and index of their distribution, as well as of circulating immune complexes CIC1 and CIC2 and the levels of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, and IgG were the criteria for assessing the severity of intoxication and efficacy of intensive care and for predicting the course and outcome of the disease. The results indicate that HBO in combination with hemoperfusion, local abdominal hypothermia, and UVIAB have a positive impact on the clinical picture of the disease and on the time course of markers of endogenous intoxication and humoral immunity in patients with the terminal and toxic phases of diffuse peritonitis. 相似文献
The objective of this investigation is to study the influence of vanadium(5.0wt%–10.0wt%) and chromium(0–9.0wt%) on the microstructure and hardness of Cr-V-Mn-Ni white cast irons with spheroidal vanadium carbides. The alloys' microstructural features are presented and discussed with regard to the distribution of phase elements. The structural constituents of the alloys are spheroidal VC, proeutectoid cementite, ledeburite eutectic, rosette-shaped carbide eutectic(based on M7C3), pearlite, martensite, and austenite. Their combinations and area fraction(AF) ratios are reported to be influenced by the alloys' chemical composition. Spheroidized VC particles are found to be sites for the nucleation of carbide eutectics. Cr and V are shown to substitute each other in the VC and M7C3 carbides, respectively. Chromium alloying leads to the formation of a eutectic(γ-Fe + М7С3), preventing the appearance of proeutectoid cementite in the structure. Vanadium and chromium are revealed to increase the total carbide fraction and the amount of austenite in the matrix. Cr is observed to play a key role in controlling the metallic matrix microstructure. 相似文献
The influence of the free gas volume around the substrate on the chemical vapor deposition of Al2O3 layers in the AlCl3/H2/CO2 system at different pressures and temperatures has been studied. Through the water gas reaction which occurs homogeneously in the gas phase, the Al2O3 growth rate increases with increasing free gas volume until a certain volume is reached, after which it remains constant. For this ‘critical free gas volume’ a theoretical characteristic dimension Lmax is introduced. It is defined as the normal distance from a substrate surface, at which the water molecules formed from the CO2 + H2 in the gas phase can no longer reach the substrate surface in the time available. The dependencies of Lmax on pressure, temperature and gas flow rate deduced through this theoretical consideration show agreement with the experimental results.
Zusammenfassung
Der Einfluß des die Substrate umgebenden Totvolumens auf die Al2O3-CVD-Abscheidung im System AlCl3/H2/CO2 wurde systematisch bei verschiedenen Drücken und Temperaturen untersucht. Durch die homogen in der Gasphase ablaufende Wassergasreaktion nimmt in allen Fällen die Abscheidungs-geschwindigkeit mit vergrößerten Totvolumen zuerst zu, bleibt aber ab einer bestimmten Totvolumensgröße konstant. Für diese “kritische Totvolumensgröße” wird die theoretische Kenngröße Lmax eingeführt. Diese Größe ist als Normalabstand zur Substratoberfläche definiert, bei dem das in der Gasphase aus CO2 + H2 gebildeten Wasser in der zur Verfügung stehenden Zeit die mit AlCl3 belegte Oberfläche der Substrate nicht mehr erreichen kann. Die aus dieser theoretischen Überlegung abgeleiteten Voraussagen über die Abhängigkeit des Lmax von Druck, Temperatur und Gasströmungsgeschwindigkeit zeigten Übereinstimmung mit den Versuchsergebnissen. 相似文献
The present paper summarizes the data obtained in studying the mechanisms of glutamate-induced deterioration of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis. In the cultured mammalian central neurons, a short-term (< 1 min) glutamate (GLU, 100 mu) challenge is known to induce a readily reversible (transient) neuronal [Ca2+]i increase. In contrast, a long-term (15-30 min) GLU exposure leads to the appearance of high [Ca2+]i plateau or to the partial recovery of the increased [Ca2+]i. Experiments show that impaired [Ca2+]i recovery in the postglutamate period cannot be explained by the increased [Ca2+]i permeability of the neuronal membrane, as earlier considered. Moreover, a sustained elevation of [Ca2+]i during and after chronic GLU application is associated with a progressive decrease in Ca2+ permeability. The major cause of GLU-induced Ca2+ overload is the mitochondrial depolarization resulted from excessive Ca2+ influx into the mitochondria, the generation of free radicals and the opening of a "giant pore" in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This in turn suppresses both ATP synthesis and Ca2+ electrophoretic uptake into the mitochondrial matrix. In combination with [Ca2+]i-dependent acidification, this leads to the suppression of Ca2+ release from the cell via Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and Ca2+/H+ pump of the neuronal membrane. Therefore, [Ca2+]i recovery following a long-term GLU treatment becomes strongly or even irreversibly compromised. 相似文献
In congestive heart failure captopril modifies the left ventricular filling pattern mainly by unloading the heart. We investigated whether the structural characteristics of the left ventricle may influence the acute effects of captopril on this pattern in patients with untreated hypertensive (H group, 6 patients) or idiopathic (I group, 14 patients) cardiomyopathy. We evaluated changes of pulsed Doppler mitral flow, of systemic arterial and wedge pulmonary pressures 40 min after 25 mg captopril administered sublingually, and correlated these changes with the M-mode echocardiographic relative wall thickness index (h/r). Baseline mean arterial pressure (H = 137 +/- 20 mm Hg, mean +/- SD, I = 95 +/- 19 mm Hg; p < 0.001), and h/r (H = 0.38 +/- 0.03, I = 0.28 +/- 0.09; p < 0.05) were greater in the high blood pressure group; wedge pressure, echocardiographic biplane ejection fraction, and Doppler indexes of the left ventricular filling were similar in the two populations. After captopril, ejection fraction did not change significantly, mean arterial pressure decreased significantly in hypertensive patients (H group, baseline = 137 +/- 20, captopril = 119 +/- 10, p = 0.02; I group, baseline = 95 +/- 19, captopril = 90 +/- 24, p = nonsignificant), and the wedge pressure was reduced by the same extent in both groups (H group, baseline = 27.7 +/- 3, captopril = 21 +/- 7, p < 0.05; I group, baseline = 20 +/- 12, captopril = 15 +/- 8, p < 0.05). In the H group early mitral flow increased [(E wave integral) x (mitral annulus area)] by 38 +/- 15%, and was almost steady in the I group (-1.3 +/- 30%; group H vs. I = p < 0.01); late mitral flow [(A wave integral) x (mitral annulus area)] showed a pattern exactly opposite to this (H = +0.4 +/- 40%, I = +38 +/- 19; p < 0.01). In the whole population there was a significant correlation between the early/late flow ratio variations and baseline h/r (r = 0.6, p < 0.05). In chronic congestive heart failure, changes in left ventricular filling with captopril are related to h/r: a higher index, as recorded in the H group, is associated with "true normalization' of the filling pattern after captopril; a lower index, as recorded in the I group, is associated with "pseudonormalization' despite a similar decrease of left ventricular filling pressure. 相似文献
Abstract— Currently, three issues are identified that decide upon the commercial success of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), both in display and lighting applications: power efficiency, lifetime, and price competitiveness. PIN OLEDs are widely seen as the preferred way to maximize power efficiency. Here, it is reported that this concept also delivers the world longest lifetimes. For a highly efficient deep‐red PIN OLED, a half‐lifetime of 25,000 hours for a starting brightness of 10,000 cd/m2 and a minimal voltage increase over lifetime is reported. This value corresponds to more than 1 × 106 hours at 1000 cd/m2 using an exponent of n = 1.7, which was measured by driving the OLEDs at different starting luminances. Because there is no initial luminance drop, these PIN OLEDs also exhibit a very high 80% lifetime (>300,000 hours at 1000 cd/m2). New record lifetime values for blue and green will be reported as well. Additionally, further topics that have impact on the production yield and cost such as the newly developed air‐stable organic n‐doping material NDN‐26 and top‐emitting structures will be discussed. 相似文献
The objective of this paper is to explain one phenomenon evident in the transformation of post-socialist states that has received insufficient scholarly attention to date: the restitution of the housing stock in terms of its causes and consequences. In this paper, the theory of social constructivism, including Kemeny's advanced application of this theory to the field of housing studies, is used to (a) explain the causes for a particular type of property restitution in the Czech Republic and (b) outline its consequences on the role and long-term social meaning of private rental housing. This research explains how restitution was viewed by the main participants in this discourse, and how the whole process was legitimised and socially constructed in the Czech Republic. The evidence presented stems from a multi-method analysis of discourse that integrates the results of in-depth interviews, content analysis of the press, and an analysis of data from attitude surveys. The paper shows how the initial state of consensus surrounding the image of restitution quickly dissolved. The emergence of divisions combined with the inadequate response of the state generated a biased image of private rental housing among Czech citizens—a pattern that persists to the present. 相似文献
The effect of high dose of gamma radiation (200 Gy) on energy of rat liver mitochondria was studied. 1 hour after irradiation state 3 (V3) increased by 32 +/- 7%, state 4 (V4)- by 25 +/- 8%, the rate of ATP synthesis by 52 +/- 11%. 48 hours after irradiation these parameters decreased to control levels inspite of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. 相似文献
The contents of subunits I, II/III, and IV of cytochrome c oxidase and of subunits alpha, beta and gamma of FoF1 ATP synthase in inner mitochondrial membrane proteins purified from cerebral cortex of rat at 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 26 months of age were analyzed by western blot. Age-related changes in the content of subunits, either of mitochondrial or nuclear origin, were observed. All the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunits examined showed an age-related increase from 2-month-old rats up to 24 months with a decrease at the oldest age (26 months). The same pattern of age-dependent changes was observed for gamma ATP synthase, while the alpha and beta subunits increased progressively up to 26 months. 相似文献