The energy spectra of the secondary ion emission for transition metals of the fourth period

The energy spectra of the secondary ion emission (SIE) for transition metals of the fourth period are calculated under the assumption that SIE is caused by the joint action of electron-exchange and kinetic ion emission (KIE) mechanisms. Some improvement of the KIE theory is carried out for the cases of high (of the order of tens of keV) and low (less than 2 keV) energies E_O of bombarding ions. It is found that the KIE plays an essential role in SIE, starting from the E_O value of the order of tens of keV. It is shown that the KIE energy spectra (1) are broader than the sputtering energy spectra by an order of magnitude, (2) differ essentially in both cases indicated, (3) show a peak (at high E_O in accordance with an experiment) or a break (at low E_O) near to the secondary ion energy corresponding to the KIE threshold.     

Upgrading layout and design solutions in the course of design and construction of the Chirkeiskaya hydroelectric plant

The author describes innovation engineering solutions used in the construction and assembly works of a hydroelectric power plant, which reduce labor consumption and construction time.Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitelstvo, No. 9, September 2004, pp. 7 – 12.     

Osteoplastic fixation of the spine

The combined anterolateral osteoplastic fixation of the spine was carried out on 17 cases out of 73 operated upon for pathological spinal changes of various etiology. The tibial crest rigid homograft and the rib autograft on vasoneuromuscular feeding pedicle were used. Such a combination of bone grafts possessing different mechanic and osteogenic properties permitted to obtain a reliable fixation of the spine for all the period necessary for anatomic and functional reconstruction of the grafts.     

Focusing properties of two types of diffractive photonic crystal lens

We designed novel two type of binary 2D subwavelength (wavelength was λ= 10 mm) focus diffractive photonic crystal lens and calculated the diffraction of plane TE-wave by use FDTD-method (our program in C++). It has been shown that diffractive photonic crystal lens designs have not an unique solution. It has been also shown the diffractive lens with equal holes in Fresnel zones has better focusing characteristics. Lens diameter was 5 times more than her width and full width half maximum diameter of focal spot was 0.48λ.