Residual stresses in the surface layer of tread grooves in bolts formed from titanium alloy VT16

Kuibyshev Aviation Institute. Gorky Polytechnic Institute. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 1, pp. 9–12, January, 1990.     

Quantitative and ultrastructural analysis of rectal mucosal mast cells in acute infectious diarrhea

The role of mast cells, potential mediators of mucosal immunity and inflammation, was studied morphologically in the rectal mucosa in two acute diarrheal diseases, cholera and shigellosis. Quantitation of mucosal mast cells showed that they were significantly higher in the deeper lamina propria where blood vessels and nerves were more abundant. There was no difference in mast cell counts or degranulation in the mucosa in both groups of patients and controls. Intraepithelial mast cells were decreased in the patients. The prevalence of lipid bodies was significantly higher in mast cells from patients with cholera and shigellosis (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that mast cell populations are more dense around blood vessels and nerves and that inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid metabolites, as indicated by the lipid bodies, are the response of mast cells to the alterations in diarrhea, despite differences in the etiology of diarrhea.     

Ophthalmic tone of myopic eyes: statistical evaluation and role in formation of acquired myopia

The author summarizes the results of many-year profound statistical analysis of ophthalmic tone in myopic patients. Intraocular pressure (IOP) of myopic eyes in patients aged 10 to 62 years and refraction from 0.5 to -24.0 diopters was measured in 1220 eyes by the same type of Goldman's tonometer. Detailed distribution of IOP for age and refraction factor is presented. IOP has been studied in emmetropia, stable and progressive myopia, and in paired anisometropic eyes. The author emphasizes that myopia progresses at various levels of ophthalmic tone, whose increase is mainly functional and reversible, and is caused by organic changes in the anterior chamber angle in only 7% of cases. The author claims that IOP is an important characteristic of a myopic eye and is to be taken into consideration when prescribing pathogenetic therapy for progressive myopia.     

Standards of anesthesiological and intensive care

A case of flutamide photosensitivity is reported in a patient receiving treatment for prostate cancer. Photopatch testing with flutamide at 10 and 20% in acetone was positive and controls negative. Other reports in the literature indicate that flutamide photosensitivity can be produced either by UV-A or UV-B, but the small number of reports and the differences in the tests performed do not allow the specific characteristics of flutamide photosensitivity to be established. Presently it would be advisable, due to the frequent use of this drug, to include flutamide in the investigation of photosensitive patients.     

Colonic dysfunction in acute diarrhoea: the role of luminal short chain fatty acids

Faecal concentrations and output of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were assessed on successive days by gas-liquid chromatography in 24 patients with acute watery diarrhoea. Absorption of water and sodium from the rectum was also measured by a dialysis technique in 17 of these patients and in nine normal subjects in the presence and absence of luminal SCFA. Faecal SCFA concentrations were low on the first day of diarrhoea (mean (SEM) 9.9 (5.8) mmol/kg) and increased to 94.8 (16.4) mmol/kg by the fifth day. Faecal output of SCFA corresponded to these figures. Net water absorption, in the absence of luminal SCFA, was stopped in patients with acute diarrhoea (-59 (81) nl/cm2/min) compared with healthy controls (+322 (63) nl/cm2/min) (p < 0.01). Luminal SCFA restored net water absorption to +184 (67) nl/cm2/min in patients with acute diarrhoea (p < 0.01). Net absorption of sodium decreased in patients with acute diarrhoea in the absence of luminal SCFA, but returned to normal with luminal SCFA. Net secretion of potassium increased in acute diarrhoea, and did not change in the presence of SCFA. Defective absorption from the rectum in acute diarrhoea is reversed by luminal SCFA. The reduction of luminal SCFA in acute diarrhoea treated conventionally may be a factor contributing to colonic dysfunction.     

Effect of splenin and its fractions on the functional state of the adrenal cortex

Effect of splenin (1 ml) and its fractions (0.5 ml) on adrenocortical function was studied after a single intramuscular injection of the preparations into rats. Splenin and its fractions containing water-soluble substances reduced the content of ascorbic acid in the rat adrenals thereby indicating the increased synthesis of adrenocortical hormones. Adenosine-5-monophosphate is one of the basic biological substances contained by splenin and its water-soluble fractions. It produces a stimulant effect on the synthesis of adrenocortical hormones.