Bacterial contamination of the pleural cavity during lung resection as one of the causes of development of postoperative empyema

Recovery of spatial resolving capacity (acuity) of central vision after temporary blindness induced by prolonged (1.5, 3, 6 min) light adaptation to a sun or incandescence lamp (20, 40, 80 thous. lux) illuminated white screen was studied. The recovery time increased exponentially with an increase in energy light stimulation (product of brightness of the deadapting source by the time of action). A general formula describing the relationship between the time of recovery of acuity and brightness of the test table and energy of light stimulus was derived.     

Reference Phase in Diffractive Lens Antennas: A Review

We review a free parameter in the design of Fresnel zone plate lens antennas. Historically, zone plate antennas have been designed with a specific choice for this parameter, which can be taken as a type of phase reference. Two methods of interpreting the parameter have been identified, either in terms of a reference radius or equivalently a reference phase. Here, for simplicity, we treat this variable parameter as a reference phase. Importantly, the reference phase can be chosen to have non-standard values which have been shown to improve important aspects of antenna performance and to add a new functionality to zone plate antennas.     

Classification of petroleum origin and integrity by FTIR

A method was developed for classifying petroleum into four types according to their origin and integrity: marine, non-marine, degraded and thermally transformed. The method was based on the relative proportions of functional groups measured by FTIR spectroscopy. Twenty-one petroleum samples were used for model calibration and six for validation, which were pre-classified. Aliphatic functional group absorption maxima were used at 2919, 2856, 1457 and 1376 cm^?1, as well as at 1700  and 811 cm^?1 for aromatic groups, and at 1152 and 1030 cm^?1 for polar groups (sulphonyl and ether, respectively). Using hierarchical cluster and discriminate analyses, three canonic functions were obtained that classified the samples according to their origin and integrity, with a prediction efficiency of 100%, for both calibration and validation. The canonic functions derived from the discriminate analysis had correlation coefficients of 0.994, 0.900, and 0.867, among the variables studied and the classification factor. The method is efficient for the proposed classifications and can be useful for a range of applications.     

Variants of dysfunction of the upper urinary tract in urolithiasis

Registration of contractility of the upper urinary tracts (UUT) at multichannel impedance ureterography was conducted in 30 patients with concrements in the kidneys and ureters before extracorporeal lithotripsy. By defects in urodynamics, the patients were divided into 4 groups. The most severe affection of urodynamics (low amplitude of the peristalsis, high tonicity of UUT wall) occurred in group 4. From group 1 to 4 contraction arrhythmia, deformity of contraction complexes, retrograde contraction waves were increasing. The index has been calculated for estimation of UUT performance in transporting urine.