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11.
The tail-flick (TF) technique was used to assess the antinociceptive properties of nifedipine (NIF) given intraperitoneally (i.p.). First, the most suitable intensity of the noxious stimulus (temperature of the bulb) has been ascertained and used in the main study. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received NIF, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at the doses of 0.0, 0.5, 2, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, or control with no injection. For the main study, the noxious stimulus was limited to 15 sec (cut-off time) and TF latencies were recorded up to 120 min. The antinociceptive response was expressed as the area under the curve for each rat and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The antinociceptive response to the lower doses of NIF (0.5 and 2 mg/kg) did not differ from control (no injection) and DMSO alone. Significance was found at 5, 10 and 15 mg NIF with no difference among the doses. However, there was an increasing tendency of the mean values from 0.5 to 15 mg NIF resulting in a positive correlation. The correlation coefficient was 0.32483 (p = 0.015) and regression equation Y = (19.37) x dose + 1320. Our data suggest that spinal mechanisms are involved in NIF-induced antinociception. 相似文献
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Using total quality management principles within a shared governance framework, this case study discusses how to design and implement a plan to achieve independent nursing practice when an employee has unique needs. This experience demonstrates the importance of looking at root causes, separating ability and compliance issues, using all available resources creatively, and planning for success. 相似文献
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A cigarette which heats rather than burns tobacco (Premier) was introduced in 1988, but was unacceptable due to unpleasant taste and low nicotine intake. We examined availability of nicotine from a new version (Eclipse), in the same four subjects as our earlier Premier study. Average blood nicotine boosts of 23.7 and 17.8 ng/ml were obtained from smoking a first and second Eclipse. This substantially exceeds intake from Premier (boost 13 ng/ml) and that obtained by heavy smokers from conventional brands (boost 12-15 ng/ml). Eclipse (or similar product) may be the best option for averting Peto's dire warnings of rising millions of annual smoking deaths in the 2020s, and its potential for large-scale, long-term switching warrants further study. 相似文献
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VK Boppana 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,692(1-2):195-202
A highly sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of granisetron and its active metabolite, 7-hydroxygranisetron (7OH-G) in human plasma. Granisetron is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist used in the treatment of cytotoxic drug-induced emesis. The method involves isolation of granisetron, 7OH-G and the internal standards from plasma by solid-phase extraction prior to reversed-phase ion-pair chromatographic separation on an octyl silica column with subsequent quantification of analytes simultaneously either with electrochemical (7OH-G) or fluorescence (granisetron) detectors which are placed in series. The recovery of granisetron and 7OH-G from human plasma was quantitative. Using 1 ml of plasma, the limits of quantification for granisetron and 7OH-G were 0.1 and 0.25 ng/ml, respectively. Linear responses in analyte/internal standard peak-area ratios were observed for analyte concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 50 ng/ml plasma. Precision and accuracy were within 13% across the calibration range for both granisetron and 7OH-G. The method was sufficiently sensitive, accurate and precise to support pharmacokinetic studies for granisetron and 7OH-G, in both normal and patient populations. 相似文献
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The frequent difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of pediatric sarcomas, caused by the lack of observable differentiation at the light microscopic level, has led to the routine use of immunohistochemistry in pediatric surgical pathology. To a large degree the advent of this staining technique has led to the correct assessment of many perplexing lesions that previously would have been given inconclusive diagnoses. However, with increased usage and testing, it has become apparent that there are few, if any, "magic bullets" in immunohistochemistry for pediatric pathologists. Thus, it behooves diagnosticians to be careful in the usage of this technique, to be aware of possible discrepancies in its results, and to remember the ancillary nature of its application. The following article will review selected markers commonly used in pediatric surgical pathology, from both previous reports and the author's perspective, and will briefly consider several new phenotypic markers which have potential utility with childhood sarcomas. 相似文献
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The authors' experience with 45 papillosphincterotomies, performed for diseases of bile passages and chronic pancreatitis, is reported. The details of the operative technic, employed by the authors, are described. The technic of papillosphincterotomy on a conus-shape sound by means of a "laser scalpel" proved to be the most perfect one. Careful observation of the surgical technic made it possible to gain favourable results--only 1 of 45 operated patients died. Papillosphincterotomy is largely advocated in stenoses and concretions in the large duodenal papilla, strictures of choledocho-duodenoanastomoses, care should be taken not to overwiden indications to the operation concerned. 相似文献